"Contubernales" in "Cil" 6

Treggiari, Susan

doi:10.2307/1087137

Cited by 115 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When legitimate wives and concubinae appear in the same text, they are both described in positive terms, even if differences are present. On the one hand, a chronological relationship between the two (or more) unions has to be taken into account (Rawson, 1974: 293; Treggiari, 1981b: 70; Fayer, 2005: 13); on the other, the role of the wives was likely more important, as the tombstone from Concordia suggests, not only because of the implications derived from the matrimonia iusta but also because of the possibility that they might give birth to filiifamilias . The studied evidence seems to suggest that attention to the complexities of a family's composition was a typical characteristic of the male dedicator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among quasi-marital relationships, concubinatus appears as an alternative to marriage for the Romans 1 . This type of union was thought to legitimize a relationship that was made up of people of different legal and social statuses without discrediting either of the partners involved (Treggiari, 1981b: 72; Evans-Grubbs, 2002: 148–54) 2 . This article offers a fresh elaboration of two crucial aspects of this Roman quasi-marital relationship: firstly, the act of choosing to enter a concubinatus by ordinary Romans; and, secondly, the role of the concubina within the familia 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MORE THAN MISTRESSES, LESS THAN WIVES: THE ROLE OF ROMANCONCUBINAEIN LIGHT OF THEIR FUNERARY MONUMENTS

Sandon¹,

Scalco²

2020

Pap. Br. Sch. Rome

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This article focuses on the role of concubinae in the Roman world, through analysis of inscriptions and reliefs on funerary monuments involving these women and their relatives. It investigates why concubinatus was chosen in preference to legal marriage, and how the concubina was perceived as a member of her partner's family. The results bring to light how this type of quasi-marital union was an appealing option for men of social standing, and that the role of concubinae accepted by their partners was not so dissimilar to that of legal wives. The article considers funerary monuments from Roman Italy, dating from the first century BC to the early third century AD. It deals with the role of Roman concubinae by analysing tombstones from both an archaeological and historical point of view; the aim of this analysis is to reconstruct a social pattern of concubinatus and of the individuals involved in this type of quasi-marital relationship, with the aid of two different types of ancient sources.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MORE THAN MISTRESSES, LESS THAN WIVES: THE ROLE OF ROMANCONCUBINAEIN LIGHT OF THEIR FUNERARY MONUMENTS

Sandon¹,

Scalco²

2020

Pap. Br. Sch. Rome

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“…These commemorative epitaphs, using adjectives such as 'dearest', 'incomparable' and 'best', suggest long-term affective bonds. 27 Treggiari also notes a few inscriptions that use the language of both legal marriage (such as coniunx) and unfree partnership (contubernalis) and concludes that terms such as vir, uxor and maritus do not necessarily indicate that the person concerned was legally married under Roman law. 28 This epigraphic evidence for unfree couples in Western Europe comes largely from the first three centuries CE; after that markers of unfree status on inscribed tombstones almost completely disappear.…”

Section: The Creation Of the Unfree Family?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlooked Husbands: The Paradox of Unfree Marriage in the Carolingian World

Stone¹

2021

Gender & History

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Unfree people in the Roman world could not legally marry, while they could in the Middle Ages. This paper explores the marriage of the unfree in the Carolingian empire (750–900 CE), a society with an intense moral concern about marriage. Carolingian churchmen wrote extensively about marriage, using a strongly gendered discourse focusing on how men should approach marriage and behave as husbands. However, these moral and legal texts rarely discussed unfree marriage, even though the practice was common. It is argued that this silence reflects the persistence of late antique class‐based gender models, in which masculinity was reserved for married property holders. Although legal prohibitions on unfree marriages had ended, Carolingian moralists continued to be influenced by patristic assumptions that these were not valid relationships. These assumptions, combined with Frankish social practices that largely excluded unfree men from other key male roles, such as arms‐bearing, meant that unfree husbands were not conceptualised as sufficiently ‘manly’ to have their marriages discussed. It is only from the tenth century onwards, when images of masculinity began to fragment more along lines of social status, that authors began explicitly to state that the Christian ideas of marriage applied to all, free and unfree.

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“…Cf.Rawson 1974: 301: nearly 40% of those families shared the same nomen. See alsoFlory 1978: 82 andTreggiari 1981b. But see also the warnings of Bradley 1984, especially ch.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spurii and the Roman View of Illegitimacy

Rawson

1989

Antichthon

101

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‘Illegitimacy has been called a social problem for the last two centuries and a moral problem from time immemorial’ (Laslett 1980: 1). Many studies of ancient Roman society have dwelt on morals, and many texts of Roman law give much detail on family law and the law of persons. By contrast with studies of modern law and society, however, there has been little focus on the ‘idea’ of illegitimacy in ancient Rome and no extended discussion of what was involved in being an illegitimate child in that society.

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"Contubernales" in "Cil" 6

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

MORE THAN MISTRESSES, LESS THAN WIVES: THE ROLE OF ROMANCONCUBINAEIN LIGHT OF THEIR FUNERARY MONUMENTS

MORE THAN MISTRESSES, LESS THAN WIVES: THE ROLE OF ROMANCONCUBINAEIN LIGHT OF THEIR FUNERARY MONUMENTS

Overlooked Husbands: The Paradox of Unfree Marriage in the Carolingian World

Spurii and the Roman View of Illegitimacy

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