“…The sandwich-like (inflow-outflow-inflow) water mass exchange was initiated through the Luzon Strait (Chen et al, 2015;Yin et al, 2021). The present-day anticyclonic IW (Tian et al, 2006) and cyclonic DW (Qu et al, 2006) were consequently formed in the South China Sea (Figure 9C), generating contourite depositional systems along IW and DW pathways from the latest Miocene onwards (Figure 11) (Palamenghi et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018;Chen et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2021;Yin et al, 2021).…”