Controlling tick infestations and diseases in sheep by pour-on formulations of synthetic pyrethroids. A field study

Hardeng, F.; Baalsrud, K. J.; Øvernes, Gunnar

doi:10.1007/bf01839020

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The present result is in accordance with earlier studies indicating that ticks can be found on animals already 13–14 days after treatment with either cypermethrin or deltamethrin [7,13]. An earlier field study also supports the present results, since most lambs seroconverted already three weeks after pyrethroid treatment [20]. The main reason for this lack of efficiency is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Stuen

Enemark²,

Artursson

et al. 2012

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroudAnaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) causes the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and has for decades been one of the main scourges for the sheep industry in the coastal areas of Norway. Current control strategies are based on reduction of tick infestation by chemical acaricides.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated if frequent pour-on applications of pyrethroids would reduce tick infestion rate and seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sheep. Forty lambs, one month old, of the Norwegian White Sheep breed were used. The lambs belonged to the experimental sheep flock at the Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences. None of the lambs had been on I. ricinus infested pasture before turnout (day 0). All lambs were twins and twenty lambs were treated with a pour-on pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer A/S, DK-2300) with a dose of 5 ml on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 128. Twenty lambs were untreated controls. The lambs were collected every fourteen days on pasture for treatment. In addition, the lambs were examined for ticks, blood sampled, weighed, and rectal temperature was recorded.Results and conclusionA significant reduction in tick infestion rate was detected on treated lambs. However, the present results indicate that frequent acaricide treatment does not reduce the seroprevalence to A. phagocytophilum on tick-infested pasture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, acaricide treatment may reduce the losses due to secondary infections. For instance, the incidence of lambs with lameness (tick pyaemia) or sudden death ( Bibersteinia/Mannheimia septicaemia) has been reduced due to pour-on treatment [20]. The reason for this effect is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Stuen

Enemark²,

Artursson

et al. 2012

Acta Vet Scand

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“…It also indicates that prophylactic treatment with acaricides does not prevent infection, as high seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum was observed in flocks where lambs were treated with acaricides. It is previously shown that lambs treated with acaricides seroconvert after only 3 weeks on tick pasture [5,35]. Routine use of acaricides is not a sustainable measure due to the possibility of developing acaricide resistance [36-38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

et al. 2011

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BackgroundA major challenge in sheep farming during the grazing season along the coast of south-western Norway is tick-borne fever (TBF) caused by the bacteria Anaplasma phagocytophilum that is transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus.MethodsA study was carried out in 2007 and 2008 to examine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection and effect on weaning weight in lambs. The study included 1208 lambs from farms in Sunndal Ram Circle in Møre and Romsdal County in Mid-Norway, where ticks are frequently observed. All lambs were blood sampled and serum was analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA) to determine an antibody status (positive or negative) to A. phagocytophilum infection. Weight and weight gain and possible effect of infection were analyzed using ANOVA and the MIXED procedure in SAS.ResultsThe overall prevalence of infection with A. phagocytophilum was 55%. A lower weaning weight of 3% (1.34 kg, p < 0.01) was estimated in lambs seropositive to an A. phagocytophilum infection compared to seronegative lambs at an average age of 137 days.ConclusionsThe results show that A. phagocytophilum infection has an effect on lamb weight gain. The study also support previous findings that A. phagocytophilum infection is widespread in areas where ticks are prevalent, even in flocks treated prophylactic with acaricides.

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“…Earlier observations indicate that synthetical pyrethroids only give 2 to 3 weeks of full protection against ticks [ 18 , 12 ]. In addition, lambs grazing on tick pastures may seroconvert to E. phagocytophila after 3 weeks of tick exposure, although synthetical pyrethroids have been applied [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Investigation of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection in Sheep in Norway

Stuen¹,

Bergström

2001

Acta Vet Scand

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Stuen S, Bergström K: Serological investigation of granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in sheep in Norway. Acta vet. scand. 2001, 42, 331-338. -Serum samples of 749 sheep from 75 sheep flocks in Norway, i.e. 361 lambs (6 to 7 months old) and 388 adults (>1.5 year), were analysed for antibodies to Ehrlichia equi. Ten animals from each flock were examined. Seropositive animals were found along the coast of southern Norway from Vestfold to Sør-Trøndelag (as far north as 63°38´N). Seropositive sheep were not found in southeast, east or northern Norway. Thirty-two flocks were seropositive, although tick-borne fever had only been diagnosed earlier in half of these. In 78% of the seropositive flocks, more than 80% of the sheep were seropositive. A total of 35.7 % and 36.3 % of lambs and adults were found seropositive, respectively. However, the overall seroprevalence among animals that had been grazing on Ixodes pastures were 0.80 for the lambs and 0.84 for the adults. Mean antibody titres (± SD) (log 10 ) in seropositive lambs and adults were 2.59 (± 0.449) and 2.70 (± 0.481), respectively. No significant differences in either seroprevalence or mean antibody titre between sheep of different ages were obtained in this study. Based on antibodies 94% of sheep flocks on Ixodes pastures were infected with a granulocytic Ehrlichia infection. The association between seropositive flocks and Ixodes infested pasture shows a very high degree of agreement (p<0.00001). The present study indicates that granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in sheep is underdiagnosed in Norway. Ehrlichia phagocytophila; antibodies; lambs; seroprevalence.

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Controlling tick infestations and diseases in sheep by pour-on formulations of synthetic pyrethroids. A field study

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin, a pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and effect on lamb growth

Serological Investigation of Granulocytic EhrlichiaInfection in Sheep in Norway

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