Controlling the Properties of OPEFB/PLA Polymer Composite by Using Fe2O3 for Microwave Applications

Abdalhadi, Daw Mohammad; Abbas, Zulkifly; Ahmad, Ahmad Fahad; Матори, Хамирул Амин; Esa, Fahmiruddin

doi:10.1007/s12221-018-8118-y

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The XRD patterns of the PLA/PEG mixture, MWCNTs powder, and MWCNT/PLA/PEG nanocomposites were evaluated and are presented in Figure 4. Figure 4a illustrates the spectrum of PLA/PEG, which was characterized by an attenuated broad peak at 16.99 • and another peak centered at the 2θ value of 32.30 • reflected that less sharpness corresponded to the typical spectrum of the PLA polymer characterized by broadband centered at the 2θ value of 16.99 • with a relevant background [8]. The absence of a crystalline peak in PLA/PEG indicates amorphous nature due to the fact that PEG does not interfere with the crystalline state of the polyester [20].…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly (ethylene glycol) Reinforced Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Fabrication, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the electromagnetic interference properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a novel nano-reinforcement filler in poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymer matrix that was prepared via melt blending mode. Plasticization of PLA was first carried out by PEG, which overcomes its brittleness problem, in order to enhance its flexibility. A waveguide adapter technique was used to measure the dielectric properties ε r , and S-parameters reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) coefficients. The dielectric properties, microwave attenuation performances, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMISE) for all the material under test have been calculated over the full X-Band (8–12 GHz) due to its importance for military and commercial applications. The prepared samples were studied while using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical properties measurements, as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the dielectric properties increased with increased multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filler, as well as the shielding effectiveness of the MWCNT/PLA/PEG nanocomposites increased with the increasing of MWCNTs. The highest SE total value was found to be 42.07 dB at 12 GHz for 4 wt.% filler content. It is also observed that the attenuation values of the nanocomposites increased with an increase in MWCNTs loading, as well as the power loss values for all of the samples increased with the increase in MWCNTs loading, except the amount of the transmitted wave through the nanocomposites.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly (ethylene glycol) Reinforced Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Fabrication, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

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“…Thus, the existence of dual features in the fiber is consistent with the presence of ordered and disordered regions [ 22 ]. The broad peaks of OPEFB suggest a carbon-based and cellulose type material [ 12 ]. The MWCNTs XRD pattern displays a wide diffraction peak at 2θ ≈ 26.2° that corresponds to (002) and a small peak at 2θ ≈ 44.2° corresponding to (100) indicating the crystalline structure of MWCNTs [ 3 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdallahadi et al [ 12 ] recently reported that compacted oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber of 200 µm had a high dielectric loss in the 8–12 GHz range. Malaysian oil palm mills generate approximately 15 million tons of OPEFB fiber annually [ 13 ] which is characterized by low density and good thermal and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLA is a thermoplastic polyester flexible and obtained mostly from materials that are renewable annually. PLA has high strength, elasticity modulus, stiffness, fragility, and is a biodegradable matrix [ 12 , 15 ]. Reinforcing thermoplastics with cellulosic fibers, however, considerably increases rigidity and strength while drastically reducing composite toughness [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of MWCNTs Filler on the Absorbing Properties of OPEFB/PLA Composites Using Microstrip Line at Microwave Frequency

et al. 2020

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Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber/polylactic acid (PLA)-based composites filled with 6–22 wt.% multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using a melt blend method. The composites were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the MWCNTs. The composites were characterized for complex permittivity using the coaxial probe at 8–12 GHz range and the transmission/reflection coefficients were measured through micro strip line. The dielectric permittivity measurements carried out at X-band frequency revealed that 22 wt.% MWCNTs nanocomposite display higher dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (ε″) values of 4.23 and 0.65, respectively. A maximum absorption loss of 15.2 dB was obtained for the 22 wt.% nanocomposites at 11.75 GHz. This result suggests that PLA/OPEFB/MWCNTs composites are a promising cheap and lightweight material for the effective microwave absorption in the X-band frequency range.

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“…The electrical characteristics of PLA were reported by [ 15 ], showing that in the range from room temperature to about 70 °C, PLA offers excellent insulation properties, such as high resistivity and high breakdown strength, comparable to the low-density of petroleum-derived plastics. Daw et al, 2019 [ 16 ], have studied the effectiveness of the various ratios of Fe 2 O 3 onto dielectric and magnetic properties of a Fe 2 O 3 OPEFB/PLA composite at a frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The results of the electromagnetic properties indicate that the permittivity and permeability increased by increasing the Fe 2 O 3 percentage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational and Experimental Approaches for Determining Scattering Parameters of OPEFB/PLA Composites to Calculate the Absorption and Attenuation Values at Microwave Frequencies

et al. 2020

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This article describes attenuation and absorption measurements using the microstrip transmission line technique connected with a microwave vector network analyzer (Agilent 8750B). The magnitudes of the reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) coefficients obtained from the microstrip transmission line were used to determine the attenuation and absorption of oil palm empty fruit bunch/polylactic acid (OPEFB/PLA) composites in a frequency range between 0.20 GHz and 12 GHz at room temperature. The main structure of semi-flexible substrates (OPEFF/PLA) was fabricated using different fiber loading content extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) trees hosted in polylactic acid (PLA) using the Brabender blending machine, which ensured mixture homogeneity. The commercial software package, Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CSTMWS), was used to investigate the microstrip line technique performance by simulating and determine the S11 and S21 for microwave substrate materials. Results showed that the materials’ transmission, reflection, attenuation, and absorption properties could be controlled by changing the percentage of OPEFB filler in the composites. The highest absorption loss was calculated for the highest percentage of filler (70%) OPEFB at 12 GHz to be 0.763 dB, while the lowest absorption loss was calculated for the lowest percentage of filler 30% OPEFB at 12 GHz to be 0.407 dB. Finally, the simulated and measured results were in excellent agreement, but the environmental conditions slightly altered the results. From the results it is observed that the value of the dielectric constant (εr′) and loss factor (εr″) is higher for the OPEFB/PLA composites with a higher content of OPEFB filler. The dielectric constant increased from 2.746 dB to 3.486 dB, while the loss factor increased from 0.090 dB to 0.5941 dB at the highest percentage of 70% OPEFB filler. The dielectric properties obtained from the open-ended coaxial probe were required as input to FEM to calculate the S11 and S21 of the samples.

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Controlling the Properties of OPEFB/PLA Polymer Composite by Using Fe2O3 for Microwave Applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly (ethylene glycol) Reinforced Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Fabrication, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly (ethylene glycol) Reinforced Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Fabrication, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

The Effect of MWCNTs Filler on the Absorbing Properties of OPEFB/PLA Composites Using Microstrip Line at Microwave Frequency

Computational and Experimental Approaches for Determining Scattering Parameters of OPEFB/PLA Composites to Calculate the Absorption and Attenuation Values at Microwave Frequencies

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