2015
DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500677
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Controlling Shear Stress in 3D Bioprinting is a Key Factor to Balance Printing Resolution and Stem Cell Integrity

Abstract: in cell biology, [ 29,30 ] e.g., in cell signaling and protein expression. [31][32][33] For instance, it is reported that shear stress promotes maturation of megakaryocytes. [ 34 ] Moderate shear stress was found to have an infl uence on stem cell differentiation. [ 35 ] Excessive shear stress, in contrast, even dispatches cells by disrupting the membrane. These phenomena are even more crucial in bioprinting processes, where hydrogels of high viscosity and small nozzles are applied in an attempt to improve the… Show more

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Cited by 644 publications
(634 citation statements)
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“…Shear Stress during Printing: The shear stress cells were exposed to during the dispensing process was estimated using a previously described fluid dynamics model. [18] In addition to the printing settings, nozzle size (300 µm) and air pressure (50 kPa), the flow consistency index (K) and the flow behavior index (n), which describe the rheological behavior of a hydrogel solution, were applied as input parameters for shear stress calculations. Values of K and n were derived from the viscosity measurements of the hydrogel solutions as described previously.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Shear Stress during Printing: The shear stress cells were exposed to during the dispensing process was estimated using a previously described fluid dynamics model. [18] In addition to the printing settings, nozzle size (300 µm) and air pressure (50 kPa), the flow consistency index (K) and the flow behavior index (n), which describe the rheological behavior of a hydrogel solution, were applied as input parameters for shear stress calculations. Values of K and n were derived from the viscosity measurements of the hydrogel solutions as described previously.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since fluid flow induced shear stress that can damage cell membrane and compromise cell viability, the nozzle shear stress for NA and the CA formulations was determined using a previously described fluid-dynamics model ( Figure S3, Supporting Information). [18] Resolution of the fluid-dynamics model for a 300 µm nozzle shows that NA has the highest calculated shear stress (6.1 kPa), whereas in the CA formulations, this was substantially lower (1.6-2.5 kPa) ( Figure S4, Supporting Information). To ascertain the suitability of the CA bioinks and microvalve printer in printing cells, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) isolated from femoral heads of three independent donors (n = 3) were pooled and dispersed in 2% w/v solutions of NA, CA28, CA60, and CA93 at 37 °C (10 6 cells mL…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Several works showed that stresses transmitted to the cells are a function of the dispensing nozzle characteristics (geometry, diameter and length), applied pressure, deposition speed, and bioink rheological properties. These studies also demonstrated the possibility to determine and to reduce the shear stresses transmitted to the cells through experimental and numerical studies [17,19,30,46,127]. To address the unique requirements of extrusion bioprinting regarding the print fidelity and biological characteristics, research efforts have been focused on the development of bioinks exhibiting appropriate rheological, mechanical and biological properties [28,32,74,82,100,152,169,174].…”
Section: Extrusion Bioprintingmentioning
confidence: 99%