Controlling metal oxide nanoparticle size and shape with supercritical fluid synthesis

Abstract

Supercritical fluid nanoparticle synthesis (SCF nano synthesis) can robustly and readily control size and shape of metal oxide nanoparticles, while offering a potentially greener synthetic route through the employment of green solvents.

Liquid‐phase preparation of BaTiO3nanoparticles

“…In brief, the BT nanoparticles can be prepared by the solvothermal method with fine particles and uniform distribution. The precursor can be dissolved in a non‐aqueous solvent and under liquid or supercritical conditions [46], the reactants are dispersed in the solution and become relatively active, next, the reaction occurs and finally, the product is slowly formed. The process is relatively simple and easy to control and can effectively prevent the volatility of toxic substances in a closed system.…”

A Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Supercritical Fluids for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials

“…As shown in Figure 1 a,b, when the temperature and pressure of the medium exceed the critical point, the solvent is in a supercritical state. Since the supercritical state is only realized by a change of temperature and pressure, compared with other technologies for preparing nanomaterials, such as pulverization, gas condensation, precipitation, the hydrothermal method, the sol-gel method, etc., the system can be easily adjusted to the optimal preparation state, thus preparing the expected nanomaterials [ 16 ]. The fluid medium used for synthesizing nanomaterials by supercritical fluids is nontoxic and harmless, and the production of other substances and by-products is reduced in the reaction process.…”

Fabrication of Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Process-Assisted Fisetin-Encapsulated Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) (PVP) Nanocomposites for Improved Anticancer Therapy

“…However, these techniques often suffer from notable limitations, including multi-step preparation, high-temperature operating conditions causing the degradation of thermosensitive compounds, and high amounts of residual solvent content that reduce the quality of the formulation, among others [20][21][22][23]. To this end, the supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has been increasingly recognized as a green alternative to various conventional techniques in nanoparticle formation and formulation design due to the utilization of green solvents such as water and carbon dioxide at their supercritical state, which results in no residual organic solvents in the end product, highly tunable processing conditions, and ease of operation (a single step), among other things [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Among the various SCFs available, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ) has been widely used in SCF-based micronization processes due to its mild critical conditions (T c = 304.1 K, P c = 7.38 MPa), the fact that it is environmentally friendly, and its low cost.…”