Controlling active sites of Fe–N–C electrocatalysts for oxygen electrocatalysis

Highly Dispersive Metal Atoms Anchored on Carbon Matrix Obtained by Direct Rapid Pyrolysis of Metal Complexes

“…Here, Me-Phenanthroline complexes were used as the precursors, 19 and Ketjen black was added to prevent these complexes' aggregation during heating. 20 After rapid carbonization at a 60 A DC-current, the obtained carbon catalysts were denoted as Ni/NC (from Ni-Phenanthroline+Ketjen black), Fe/NC (from Fe-Phenanthroline+Ketjen black), and FeNi/NC (from Fe/Ni-Phenanthroline+Ketjen black). Details about the precursor preparations and rapid carbonizations can be found in the experimental section.…”

Recent Developments of Microenvironment Engineering of Single‐Atom Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction toward Desired Activity and Selectivity

“…In the synthesis of general M-N-C catalysts, many low-cost and earth-abundant metals (such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Zn) precursor can easily translate into metal oxides/(oxy)hydroxides, sulfides, phosphates, nitrides, carbides, and perovskites, because of the spontaneous aggregation of metal atoms. [288][289][290][291][292][293][294] It is still a bottleneck to precisely synthesize high-site-density SACs with various and controllable configuration of central atoms. Furthermore, improving intrinsic activity toward ORR and realizing structure-performance relationship are fundamental for the development of SACs.…”

Single metal atoms catalysts—Promising candidates for next generation energy storage and conversion devices

“…For example, Sung et al rationally manifested the Fe/C ratio to fabricate the coexisting FeN x and Fe@C active sites on carbon materials (FeNC), which realized outstanding catalytic activity for ORR. 305 FeNC as a cathode for AEMFCs displayed a maximum power density of 526 mW cm À2 (Figure 9d) with a low loading of 0.5 mg cm À2 due to the superb intrinsic activity, and this output even succeeded the Pt catalyst under the same loading. Meanwhile, compared with the Pt catalyst, FeNC manifested a lower charge-transfer resistance at a current density of 0.1 mA cm À2 , emphasizing its excellent intrinsically catalytic activity.…”

“…In addition, an appropriate combination of various active sites was also experimentally verified to be capable to enhance the catalytic activity and develop high‐performance cathode materials for AEMFCs application. For example, Sung et al rationally manifested the Fe/C ratio to fabricate the coexisting FeN x and Fe@C active sites on carbon materials (FeNC), which realized outstanding catalytic activity for ORR 305 . FeNC as a cathode for AEMFCs displayed a maximum power density of 526 mW cm −2 (Figure 9d) with a low loading of 0.5 mg cm −2 due to the superb intrinsic activity, and this output even succeeded the Pt catalyst under the same loading.…”