Controller for a Continuous Near Infrared Glucose Sensor

Kanukurthy, K.S.; Viswanathan, U.; Andersen, David R.; Olesberg, J. T.; Arnold, Mark A.; Coretsopoulos, C.

doi:10.1109/sicon.2005.257870

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A glucose sensor for implantation in the subcutaneous tissue of the human body is being investigated. The optical characteristics of glucose in the near infrared spectrum are used for concentration measurement by absorbance of fluid in a microfabricated chamber [248]. Finally there is a miniature implantable telescope with two glass fabricated micro lenses that can project a magnified image over a large area of the retina [249,250].…”

Section: Microoptoelectromechanical Systems (Moems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsystem technologies for implantable applications

Receveur

Lindemans

Rooij

2007

J. Micromech. Microeng.

112

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Microsystem technologies (MST) have become the basis of a large industry. The advantages of MST compared to other technologies provide opportunities for application in implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents a general and broad literature review of MST for implantable applications focused on the technical domain. A classification scheme is introduced to order the examples, basic technological building blocks relevant for implantable applications are described and finally a case study on the role of microsystems for one clinical condition is presented. We observe that the microfabricated parts span a wide range for implantable applications in various clinical areas. There are 94 active and 67 commercial 'end items' out of a total of 142. End item refers to the total concept, of which the microsystem may only be a part. From the 105 active end items 18 (13% of total number of end items) are classified as products. From these 18 products, there are only two for chronic use. The number of active end items in clinical, animal and proto phase for chronic use is 17, 13 and 20, respectively. The average year of first publication of chronic end items that are still in the animal or clinical phase is 1994 (n = 7) and 1993 (n = 11), respectively. The major technology-market combinations are sensors for cardiovascular, drug delivery for drug delivery and electrodes for neurology and ophthalmology. Together these form 51% of all end items. Pressure sensors form the majority of sensors and there is just one product (considered to be an implantable microsystem) in the neurological area. Micro-machined ceramic packages, glass sealed packages and polymer encapsulations are used. Glass to metal seals are used for feedthroughs. Interconnection techniques such as flip chip, wirebonding or conductive epoxy as used in the semiconductor packaging and assembly industry are also used for manufacturing of implantable devices. Coatings are polymers or metal. As an alternative to implantable primary batteries, rechargeable batteries were introduced or concepts in which energy is provided from the outside based on inductive coupling. Long-term developments aiming at autonomous power are, for example, based on electrostatic conversion of mechanical vibrations. Communication with the implantable device is usually done using an inductive link. A large range of materials commonly used in microfabrication are also used for implantable microsystems.

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Section: Microoptoelectromechanical Systems (Moems)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsystem technologies for implantable applications

Receveur

Lindemans

Rooij

2007

J. Micromech. Microeng.

112

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“…It provides a worldwide standard for personal area networks (PANs) or short-distance wireless networks for low data rate solutions with long battery life and very low complexity. Even if the debate is still open [4] and the state of the art about implanted systems reported much more customized solutions [5][6][7], the number of platforms based on widespread commercial standards, such as the ones from the IEEE 802.15 standard family, is constantly increasing [8][9][10]. Taking advantage of devices that are compliant with wireless communication standards would dramatically decrease the development time and would enable an easy integration into wireless networks with other devices using the same platform either modules or board levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel End-shorted Printed Open Loop Antenna for IEEE 802.15 2.4 GHz Wireless Sensor Network Platform Applications

Lin

Hung

Lin

2010

Wireless Pers Commun

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In this paper, a novel antenna design with a coupling feeding mechanism for WSN applications at IEEE 802.15 2.4 GHz operation has presented and implemented. By adjusting coupling element, impedance matching for RF input 50 ohm can be obtained. By tuning the length of the resonant strip, resonant frequency at 2.4 GHz can be easily controlled. In addition, a novel end-shorting between the end of the resonant strip and the ground plane provide a half wavelength current loop for EM compatibility and small clearance area on main circuit board. The whole dimension of the proposed antenna occupied just only a small area of 16.5 × 2 mm 2 . The proposed antenna design has excellent performances in bandwidth of 140 MHz @ 10 dB, radiation efficiency of >50% and omni-like radiation patterns. For the viewpoints in practical WSN application, user's effects including user's head and body tissue were discussed and explained. For radiation power absorption, user's head plays a key role to affect the EM power distribution in radiation efficiency and front/back ratio in free space. As for impedance detuning, body tissue and user's head both lead to resonant frequency shifting. Further detailed discussions and explanations for the proposed antenna will be explained in Sects. 2 and 3.

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