Controller Development for Reactive Power Flow Management Between DSO and TSO Networks

Abstract

In the future, new solutions for active and reactive power control related to the flexibility services from distributed energy resources (DER) will be increasingly needed. One ancillary service which DER could provide is the reactive power flow management between DSO and TSO networks. This research aims to develop a reactive power controller from a preliminary algorithm to a light-weight IED for a wind turbine converter. The purpose of the controller is to maintain the reactive power flow of a medium voltage network within the limit settled by a transmission system operator. In his paper, the controller development stages are presented starting from the preliminary algorithm development by Simscape Power Systems to real hardware and testing it by Controller-Hardware-In-the-Loop simulations. The operation of the controller is investigated in the different development stages of the power network. The outcome is the development suggestions of the real-time simulation platform, as well as the discussion of further improvement possibilities of the controller.

Modelling battery energy storage systems for active network management—coordinated control design and validation

“…In [33][34][35][36] extensive research on various ANM schemes to maintain system voltage by control of reactive power flow from the DERs within the reactive power window (RPW) provided by the Finnish TSO, Fingrid and ENTSO-E standards have been studied and validated in a local smart grid pilot SSG. RPW specified by Fingrid at the HV side of the TSO/DSO interface is represented in [36] and the requirement at the MV side is presented in [37].…”

Accelerated Real-Time Simulations for Testing a Reactive Power Flow Controller in Long-Term Case Studies

“…Based on the results presented in [35], there would be an 80 k€ yearly cost for the DSO, caused by the capacitive reactive power flow generated by the cables in the SSG. In [36], the use cases and future scenarios for reactive power management are developed further to study and develop the RPW controller. e scenarios studied are Scenario 2018, Scenario 2028, and Scenario 2035.…”

“…In previous researches [19,36] for software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulations, a GOOSE publisher block is implemented in the real-time simulation model to publish (send) the measured active power (P meas ) and the measured reactive power (Q meas ) from the target (OP5600 simulator). Furthermore, a GOOSE subscriber block is implemented to subscribe (receive) the P meas and Q meas values from the Ethernet network.…”

“…In this research, the parameters for reliably performing the accelerated real-time simulations are defined and analyzed by testing the improved RPW control algorithm [36]. e offline SIL, real-time SIL, and CHIL tests are performed with the parameters defined in the platform developed in [19] in order to determine how the real-time simulations could be accelerated, what kind of phenomena can occur, and when the results are reliable.…”

“…Figure 4: e real-time cosimulation platform [36]. Generally, the use of accelerated simulation would mean the modification of the models so that their behaviour in the accelerated time scale is equivalent to the behaviour in realtime scale.…”