Controlled Switching of Néel Caps in Flux-Closure Magnetic Dots

Cheynis, Fabien; Masseboeuf, Aurélien; Fruchart, Olivier; Rougemaille, Nicolas; Toussaint, Jean-Christophe; Belkhou, Rachid; Bayle–Guillemaud, Pascale; Marty, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.107201

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A variety of magnetic singularities has been investigated, including vortices in magnetic dots [1], half vortices and domain walls in nanowires [2], Bloch points in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) materials and nanowires [3,4], or magnetic dislocations [5], and skyrmions in helical magnets [6,7] and multilayers [8][9][10]. The controlled manipulation of magnetic singularities depends on their topological characteristics as chirality and polarity [11][12][13][14][15] which, in certain cases, can be used to establish detailed procedures for their nucleation [16][17][18][19]. Up to now, most of the published research deals with magnetic defects and transport confined in two-dimensional (2D) thin films, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of asymmetric distributions of magnetic singularities across magnetic multilayers

et al. 2017

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Whereas a great deal of work is being devoted to magnetic singularities in two-dimensional (2D) systems (surfaces, interfaces, films) due to their possible applications, much less is known about their properties along the perpendicular direction. Here, we report on a pronounced asymmetry of the in-depth distribution of meronlike magnetic textures, which are magnetic singularities similar to ½ skyrmions, in magnetic layers. Meron textures are observed to be distributed in two groups defined by their topology. One of them resides almost exclusively at the top surface of the film and the other at the bottom one. This observation has been brought to light with element-specific magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that closure domains are at the origin of this asymmetry. The result might be of general interest for controlling magnetic three-dimensional (3D) architectures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of asymmetric distributions of magnetic singularities across magnetic multilayers

et al. 2017

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“…the magnetization is uniform across an element. As the size of elements increases, magnetostatic energy accumulates in the system until the magnetic single-domain state becomes unstable and breaks up into a multidomain configuration to minimize magnetic charges at the boundaries [26,86]. In highly symmetric objects, a vortex (V) state might be preferred compared to a multidomain configuration.…”

Section: Micromagnetic Configurations Of Low-dimensional Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the area of information storage, progress both benefits from and drives micromagnetic imaging research. This has been particularly true in the last few years, with a rapidly growing number of studies now focusing on controlling, manipulating [25,26], and moving the nano-scale internal magnetic configuration of domain walls [27,28]. These examples highlight the importance of combining nanometer-scale spatial resolution, sub-nanosecond temporal resolution, three-dimensional mapping of magnetization and element-specificity, by providing more detailed understanding of the correlation between structure and magnetism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic imaging with spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy

Rougemaille

Schmid²

2010

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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116

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Abstract. Spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy (SPLEEM) is a technique for imaging magnetic microstructures at surfaces and in thin films. In this article, principles, advantages and limitations of SPLEEM are reviewed. Several recent studies illustrate how SPLEEM can be used to investigate spin reorientation transition phenomena, to determine magnetic domain configurations in low-dimensional structures, or to explore physics of magnetic couplings in layered systems. The work highlights the capability of the technique to reveal in situ and in real time quantitative information on micromagnetic configurations and structure-property relationships. In addition, spectroscopic reflectivity measurements with spin-polarized low-energy electron beams can be a useful tool to probe spin-dependent unoccupied band structure of magnetic materials and electronic properties of buried magnetic interfaces.

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“…Other examples include magnetization processes inside domain walls [30,31] and dimensional cross-over from vortices to domain walls [32,33].…”

Section: Arxiv:150602866v2 [Cond-matmtrl-sci] 23 Sep 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of shadow x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy

et al. 2015

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Shadow X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photo-Emission Electron Microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) is a recent technique, in which the photon intensity in the shadow of an object lying on a surface, may be used to gather information about the three-dimensional magnetization texture inside the object. Our purpose here is to lay the basis of a quantitative analysis of this technique. We first discuss the principle and implementation of a method to simulate the contrast expected from an arbitrary micromagnetic state. Text book examples and successful comparison with experiments are then given. Instrumental settings are finally discussed, having an impact on the contrast and spatial resolution : photon energy, microscope extraction voltage and plane of focus, microscope background level, electric-field related distortion of three-dimensional objects, Fresnel diffraction or photon scattering.Progress is continuous in the decreasing size and increasing complexity of nanosized magnetic systems being designed for either fundamental science or devices. Magnetic microscopies are crucial tools to monitor and understand the properties of such systems. Various types of information are desirable to gather, leading to multiple criteria to classify microscopies: spatial and time resolution, compatibility with environmental parameters such as variable temperature and applied magnetic field, requirements on the sample preparation and compatibility for ex-situ processing such as lithography, correlation with structural information, elemental sensitivity, quantity measured (magnetization, induction, stray field etc.), sensitivity. The most common magnetic microscopies offering spatial resolution below 50 nm and direct sensitivity to magnetization are X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) [ [7][8][9].Yet another criterion is the volume of the sample probed. This criterium is gaining in importance in the context of the emergence of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic objects and textures. The distribution of magnetization may be truly 3D if along the three directions in space the size of a system lies above magnetic characteristic length scales, such as the dipolar exchange length ∆ d for soft magnetic materials, or the anisotropy exchange length ∆ u for a hard magnetic material [10]. While this is obviously fulfilled in macroscopic materials, the complexity of magnetic textures is such that it cannot be measured in detail, and besides it cannot be controlled to achieve specific functions. The progress in nanofabrication techniques now allows to design suitable systems, both with top-down and bottom-up approaches. Let us give some examples. Flat magnetic elements are basic building blocks in spintronics, being patterned with great 2D versatility with thin film and lithography technologies. Large lateral dimensions may give rise to 2D magnetic textures, such as the so-called vortex state in disks [11]. Such textures are being investigated to design RF oscillator components, relying on the gyrotropic motion ...

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Controlled Switching of Néel Caps in Flux-Closure Magnetic Dots

Cited by 30 publications

References 27 publications

Observation of asymmetric distributions of magnetic singularities across magnetic multilayers

Observation of asymmetric distributions of magnetic singularities across magnetic multilayers

Magnetic imaging with spin-polarized low-energy electron microscopy

Quantitative analysis of shadow x-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy

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