Controlled Release Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Bone tissue engineering: A review in bone biomimetics and drug delivery strategies

“…The governing principles of this approach are the same as the first approach, however, to ensure rapid healing, it is even more critical to design a scaffold that mimics native bone tissue by driving local MSC migration into the scaffold, supporting and promoting osteodifferentiation (osteoinduction), and providing a bioerodable matrix that enhances MSC production of ECM that eventually integrates with the native tissue and fills the void or defect (osseointegration). 25,28,48,49 Some clear advantages of this approach are that acellular scaffolds are much easier to sterilize, they have a shelf-life, and they have the lowest potential for infection or immunogenicity of all the bone repair strategies discussed earlier.…”

“…A wide variety of drugs have been encapsulated and released from biodegradable polymer scaffolds including antibiotics, DNA, RNA, cathepsin inhibitors, chitin, chemotherapeutics, bisphosphonates, statins, sodium fluoride, dihydropyridine, and many others. 48,[297][298][299][300] The scope of this section is limited to basic motivation and strategies in encapsulation and local controlled release of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for the purpose of sepsis and cancer recurrence prevention. Infection is defined as the homeostatic imbalance between the host tissue and the presence of microorganisms at a concentration exceeding 10 5 per gram of tissue.…”

Tissue engineered bone using select growth factors: A comprehensive review of animal studies and clinical translation studies in man

“…Growth and development of functional engineered tissue is dependent on environmental cues, both physical and chemical (Burdick and VunjakNovakovic, 2009;Chan and Mooney, 2008;Quaglia, 2008). Implanted scaffolds can be designed as a delivery system for essential growth factors critical to cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation (Basmanav et al, 2008;Cartmell, 2009;Kanczler et al, 2008). Sustained release of encapsulated growth factors from implanted material scaffolds provides adequate localised osteoinduction at the defect site and has shown some success in vivo with respect to tissue engineered bone (Table 5) (Tabata, 2003).…”

Chemical Control of FGF-2 Release for Promoting Calvarial Healing with Adipose Stem Cells

“…Chemical control of protein secretion provides a rapid, dose-dependent, and reversible modality to do so, overcoming many of the inherent shortcomings of current methods used to deliver proteins. Tissue engineering has relied heavily on scaffolds as delivery vehicles of recombinant signaling factors (3,4). This method is limited by release kinetics from the scaffold.…”

“…In this study, we demonstrated the regeneration of critical-sized skull defects in mice via chemical control of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) exposure to adipose stem cells (ASCs). 4 ASCs, isolated from subcutaneous fat of both mice and humans, have previously been described to clonally possess the potential to differentiate along mesodermal lineages (12)(13)(14). Our laboratory has previously regenerated critical-sized calvarial defects in mice using ASCs, an attractive cell candidate for autologous use in the clinical realm because of their abundance in adipose and ease of harvest from subcutaneous tissue (15).…”