“…Thus, thanks to the nature of DNA and the variety of DNA motifs available, there are many stimuli that have already been used to generate a dynamic DNA nanotechnology system, which include pH, light, temperature, enzymatic reactions, strand displacement, and aptamer (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Amongst these stimuli for designing dynamic DNA nanotechnology system, the toeholdmediated strand displacement reaction (TMSDR), which has been used for DNA circuits (13)(14)(15)(16)(17), biosensors (4,5,18), release system (19,20), reconfigurable nanodevices (21)(22)(23) is particularly attractive. Indeed, the TMSDR operates by using a single strand DNA (trigger strand) with higher affinity to displace another strand in a DNA duplex (incumbent) and does not require any other external stimuli (Figure S1).…”