Controlled reaction for improved CH₃NH₃PbI₃transition in perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Hybrid halide perovskites represent one of the most promising solutions toward the fabrication of all solid nanostructured solar cells, with improved efficiency and long-term stability. This article aims at investigating the properties of CH3NH3PbI3 with controlled loading time in CH3NH3I solution via a two-step sequential deposition and correlating them with their photovoltaic performances. It is found that the optimum PCE of the loading time in the CH3NH3I solution is possible only at a relatively short time (10 min). Prolonging the loading time will degrade the perovskite film, and deteriorate the device performance by introducing a large amount of excessive defects and recombination. However, even if the material band gap remains substantially unchanged, a suitable loading time can dramatically improve the charge transport within the perovskite layer, exhibiting the out-standing performances of meso-superstructured solar cells.

One-Dimensional Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Adapted from Refs. [40,41,42,43] with permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd. and The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: A Prospective on the Substitution of the A Cation and X Anion

“…This extreme vulnerability to moisture has spurred efforts to make the top charge‐transporting layer of the device the first line of defense against moisture ingress. We can differentiate between several approaches: the employment of a thin blocking layer between the perovskite and the hole‐ or electron‐transporting material, [27, 42–48] the use of hydrophobic polymer or metal oxide hole‐ and electron‐transporting layers, the use of hydrophobic carbon electrodes, and some others special methods . The approaches significantly improve the stability of perovskite solar cells by device engineering.…”

“…This extreme vulnerability to moisture has spurred efforts to make the top charge-transporting layer of the device the first line of defense against moisture ingress.W ecan differentiate between several approaches:t he employment of at hin blocking layer between the perovskite and the hole-or electron-transporting material, [27,[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] the use of hydrophobic polymer or metal oxide hole-and electron-transporting layers, the use of hydrophobic carbon electrodes, [73][74][75][76][77][78][79] and some others special methods. [80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] Thea pproaches significantly improve the stability of perovskite solar cells by device engineering.However,these require careful design of charge-transporting materials and the light-and heatinduced instability issues remain. Recently,m ore research focuses on the modification of perovskite materials to improve the stability of perovskites themselves since as mall lattice expansion or distortion will cause as ymmetry change that will give structural stability to the material.…”

A Review on Halide Perovskite Film Formation by Sequential Solution Processing for Solar Cell Applications

“…Examples of sequential process include chemical bath deposition (CBD), sequential spin‐coating method, and sequential thermal evaporation . In addition, different deposition methods can be combined, leading to hybrid sequential processes such as spray‐assisted sequential process combined with spin coating and spray coating, evaporation‐assisted sequential process combined with thermal evaporation and spin coating, and vapor‐assisted sequential process combined with spin coating and vapor deposition .…”