Controlled polymerizations with constrained geometries

Abstract

This short review focuses on recent advances in controlled polymerization and macromolecular architectonics by means of a variety of organized media with constrained geometries.

Micellar polymerization of alkylammonium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonates in the solvents of different polarities and properties of resulting polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes

“…Thus, the polymerization at a concentration below CMC 1 did not occur, which conforms to literature data [38] and can be explained by very low monomer concentration.…”

“…It can be explained by the "effect of monomer condensation" [38], which leads to significant increase of local concentration of polymerizable groups either at the periphery of direct micelles or in the core of reverse micelles and increases polymerization rates as consequence.…”

Self-Assembled Nanoreactors

“…301 Liquid crystals and organic crystals have also been applied as constrained geometries for controlled polymerizations, resulting in interesting polymeric architectures. 302 …”

Polymerizable Anionic Gemini Surfactants: Physicochemical Properties in Aqueous Solution and Polymerization Behavior

“…Of course, we had tried to improve the purity of our sample, however, it was limited success because of the similar solubility of polymerized and unpolymerized (pure) samples to various solvents. It seems likely that the polymerization occurs within a molecule as a result of the condensation effect 14) rather than between molecules, which may be rationalized by the fact that the corresponding polymerizable monomeric surfactant (PA12) is obtained with negligible impurities.…”

“…This suggests that it is possible to prepare different shapes of polymerized assemblies by changing the electrolyte concentration, and that such polymerizable gemini surfactants may be useful in developing nano-structural organic templates in aqueous solution, based on a similar concept regarding micellestructure templating agents 7,11) and polymerizable emulsion stabilizers 12,13) . We expect that polymerization occurs more effectively for gemini surfactants than for monomeric ones, resulting from the condensation effect 14) in the gemini structure. In the current work, a novel anionic gemini surfactant modified with polymerizable methacryloxy groups has been developed and aqueous solution properties of the surfactant have been studied.…”