Controlled mycorrhization of the endemic Chilean orchid <i>Chloraea gavilu</i> (Orchidaceae)

Pereira, Guillermo; Herrera, Héctor; Arriagada, César; Cid, Hertes; García, José Leonardo; Átala, Cristian

doi:10.1080/11263504.2020.1801875

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This OMF was identified as Ceratobasidium sp. (Table I), and showed 100% similarity to mycorrhizal fungi isolated from other terrestrial orchids (See Pereira et al 2020 for further detail).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Chilean orchids as biocontrollers of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Pereira¹,

Roa²,

Castillo-Novales³

et al. 2021

Gayana Bot.

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Phytopatogenic fungi cause severe economic losses worldwide. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a pathogenic fungi affecting several crops, controlled mainly by agrochemicals. Biological control has arisen as another option for managing this pathogen. In this study, we evaluated the biocontroller potential of five orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) isolated from terrestrial Chilean orchids on R. solani. We compared the biocontroller effect of these OMFs with that of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai in an in vitro dual culture experiment. We found that R. solani can be controlled in vitro by OMF isolated from native orchids. The OMF isolated from Chloraea virescens and C. lamellata showed the best biocontroller results, which were similar, or even higher, than with T. harzianum. Thus, OMFs could become a relevant alternative for the integral control of R. solani, contributing to the reduction in the use of agrochemicals in crops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Pereira G, Herrera H, Arriagada C, Cid H, García JL, Atala C. 2020. Controlled mycorrhization of the endemic Chilean orchid Chloraea gavilu (Orchidaceae).…”

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confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Chilean orchids as biocontrollers of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Pereira¹,

Roa²,

Castillo-Novales³

et al. 2021

Gayana Bot.

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“…This symbiosis is essential in the initial developmental stages of most orchids, as their seeds are tiny (<1 mm), with insufficient reserves to sustain seed germination by themselves [ 1 , 2 ]. At this stage, compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) provide essential nutrients to the orchid embryo for seed germination and benefit the initial plantlet stage [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The nutrient transfer between orchids and fungi is considered an aggressive process in which hyphae are often decomposed by hydrolytic enzymes releasing nutrients (mycoheterotrophy) [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Root-Associated Fungi of the Terrestrial Orchids Gavilea lutea and Chloraea collicensis in a Temperate Forest Soil of South-Central Chile

Herrera

Sanhueza

Valadares

et al. 2022

JoF

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The diversity of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) and other beneficial root-associated fungi in temperate forests has scarcely been examined. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of mycorrhizal and rhizosphere-associated fungal communities in the terrestrial orchids Gavilea lutea and Chloraea collicensis growing in high-orchid-population-density areas in the piedmont of the Andes Cordillera with native forest (Nothofagus-Araucaria) and Coastal Cordillera with an exotic plantation (Pinus-Eucalyptus) in south-central Chile. We focused on rhizosphere-inhabiting and peloton-associated OMF in a native forest (Andes Cordillera) and a mixed forest (Coastal Cordillera). The native terrestrial orchids G. lutea and C. collicensis were localized, mycorrhizal root segments were taken to isolate peloton-associated OMF, and rhizosphere soil was taken to perform the metabarcoding approach. The results revealed that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the main rhizosphere-inhabiting fungal phyla, showing significant differences in the composition of fungal communities in both sites. Sebacina was the most-abundant OMF genera in the rhizosphere of G. lutea growing in the native forest soil. In contrast, Thanatephorus was the most abundant mycorrhizal taxa growing in the rhizosphere of orchids from the Coastal Cordillera. Besides, other OMF genera such as Inocybe, Tomentella, and Mycena were detected. The diversity of OMF in pelotons differed, being mainly related to Ceratobasidium sp. and Tulasnella sp. These results provide evidence of differences in OMF from pelotons and the rhizosphere soil in G. lutea growing in the Andes Cordillera and a selection of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of C. collicensis in the Coastal Cordillera. This raises questions about the efficiency of propagation strategies based only on mycorrhizal fungi obtained by culture-dependent methods, especially in orchids that depend on non-culturable taxa for seed germination and plantlet development.

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“…For several Chilean orchids, including other Chloraea species, asymbiotic germination in enriched culture media has shown to be a successful strategy (Pereira et al 2015(Pereira et al , 2017. Moreover, plants germinated asymbiotically can be eventually re-inoculated with orchid fungi to form functioning mycorrhizae (Pereira et al 2021). However, there is currently no data available on the germination of C. disoides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Malmgren modified terrestrial orchid medium (MM) and Murashige & Skoog medium (MS), among other enriched culture media, have been used in asymbiotic germination of terrestrial Chilean orchid with relative high success (Pereira et al 2015(Pereira et al , 2021. On the other hand, culture media with low nutrients, such as agar water (AW), usually result in low germination and in a stalled embryo development, likely due to the seed characteristics and their dependency on mycorrhizal fungi (Smith & Read 2008;Herrera et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymbiotic germination of Chloraea disoides Lindl. (Orchidaceae), a critically endangered orchid endemic to Chile

Castillo-Novales

Pereira²,

Cid³

et al. 2022

Gayana Bot.

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Degradation of ecosystems is one of the main causes of the global decline in biodiversity. Many species are threatened with extinction and urgent actions are needed. Chloraea disoides is a critically endangered terrestrial orchid endemic to Chile. Our main goal was to evaluate the effect of three culture media in the asymbiotic germination of this species, aiming at its propagation in the long term. We tested the effect of Malmgren modified terrestrial orchid medium (MM), modified Murashige & Skoog medium (MS1/2), and agar-water (AW). After one week of incubation, seeds in all three media reached pre-germination stage. After four weeks, germination was achieved in MM and MS1/2. Protocorm stage was reached after 6 weeks only in MM. After 13-14 weeks, embryos reached the rhizoid stage in MM and MS1/2 and did not further develop until the end of the experiment (week 16). Overall, asymbiotic germination was statistically higher in MM and MS1/2 compared to AW, but very low nevertheless, compared to other Chilean Chloraea species, being lower than 8%. The laboratory propagation of C. disoides could be a key strategy to avoid its extinction in the short term but further studies are needed to fully understand its low germination capacity.

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Controlled mycorrhization of the endemic Chilean orchid Chloraea gavilu (Orchidaceae)

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Chilean orchids as biocontrollers of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Mycorrhizal fungi isolated from Chilean orchids as biocontrollers of the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani

Diversity of Root-Associated Fungi of the Terrestrial Orchids Gavilea lutea and Chloraea collicensis in a Temperate Forest Soil of South-Central Chile

Asymbiotic germination of Chloraea disoides Lindl. (Orchidaceae), a critically endangered orchid endemic to Chile

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