Controlled Growth of Single‐Crystal Graphene Films

Abstract

AnnealingH 2 , 7 h, atmospheric pressure [72] Nonreduction atmosphere, 7 h, low pressure [77] Cu stacking/enclosure structure, low pressure [71,73,74]

Interactions between Primary Neurons and Graphene Films with Different Structure and Electrical Conductivity

“…Nowadays, the production of graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) affords high standards in terms of materials quality, scale and cost, which suit the requirements of different applications and indicate the way toward a sustainable mass production. [ 41–43 ] CVD provides a favorable flexibility in the design of the graphene films’ properties, which can be aptly tuned by adjusting the process parameters. Polycrystalline graphene films with a wide range of grain size and electrical conductivity can be produced.…”

Recent Advancements on the CVD of Graphene on Copper from Ethanol Vapor

“…CVD graphene is typically poly-crystalline, and the presence of grain boundaries-along with other structural defects-strongly degrades its physical properties, such as charge mobility, thermal conductivity and even mechanical strength [63][64][65]. Many researchers explored the possibility of growing isolated, single-crystal graphene grains (Table 2) [49,56,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. To this end, the first requirement is a significant decrease in nucleation density, in order to delay the coalescence of the grains into a film and allow them to grow bigger.…”

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

“…Several synthesis techniques, including bottom-up approaches, such as chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and epitaxial growth, which involve the high-temperature synthesis of graphene using carbon molecules as building blocks, and top-down approaches, such as oxidation-reduction and mechanical exfoliation, which involve the separation of stacked layers of graphite, [24][25][26] have been employed to prepare graphene sheets. Among these, bottom-up approaches have drawbacks of low yield, difficulty to scale-up, complex substrate transfer and high cost.…”

“…Hence, top-down approaches are gaining considerable research attention due to their simple fabrication procedures, easy scalability, good reproducibility, and low cost. [24][25][26] Nonetheless, the chemical inertness of pristine graphene, 27 renders it insoluble in organic solvents; hence, pure graphene is incompatible with solution synthesis. As a result, the derivatives of graphene, such as graphene oxide (GO), which is an oxygen functionalized graphene sheet, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have been widely explored owing to their high solubility in organic solvents, which makes them compatible with the lowcost, facile, and large-scale solution synthesis.…”