Controllable encapsulation of cobalt clusters inside carbon nanotubes as effective catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

On the structural, textural and morphological features of Fe-based catalysts supported on polystyrene mesoporous carbon for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

“…It is well established that a mixture of iron carbides such as Fe x C and FeC x can be obtained presumably due to functionalized carbon-iron interaction [6,20], during the calcination process over static air condition in a muffle furnace, as used in this work.…”

“…Silica, alumina, molecular sieves, titania, zirconia, carbon and zeolites have been the most studied supports for FTS catalysts [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Iron forms mixed oxides when supported on silica or alumina due to the influence of strong metal−support interactions, which are difficult to reduce and to allow the formation of the active Fe carbide [12][13][14][15].…”

“…Many reviews on FTS have discussed the conventional process and the advantages and disadvantages of using Fe-based or Co-based catalysts to produce paraffins and olefins [5][6][7][8][9]. Slurry or tubular reactors are usually employed, which operate at temperatures and pressures ranging from 513 to 543 K and 1 to 4 MPa [9].…”

Tunable isoparaffin and olefin yields in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis achieved by a novel iron-based micro-capsule catalyst

“…Cobalt-based capsule catalysts have been studied extensively for direct isoparaffin synthesis [19,20]. Fe-based catalysts have much lower cost and lower methane selectivity than Co-based catalysts, which are proper candidates for capsule catalysts [21,22]. Recently, our group reported a fused iron-based capsule catalyst for isoparaffin synthesis, which was synthesized without organic template, giving a remarkable increase in isoparaffin/normal paraffin ratio compared to the core catalyst (fused iron) [23].…”

Cobalt-supported carbon and alumina co-pillared montmorillonite for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

“…The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, being an environmentalfriendly and economically promising approach to convert the syngas (CO + H 2 ) derived from biomass, coal and natural gas into the ultraclean liquid fuels and valuable chemicals [1,2], has continuously received much attention. The FT synthesis has shown to be catalyzed by transition metals such as Fe, Co, and Ru [3][4][5]. Among them, cobalt is considered to be one of the preferred and commercially attractive catalysts because of its high activity, high selectivity to long-chain paraffins, low water-gas shift activity, low deactivation rates, and much lower price compared with Ru [1,6].…”