“…For the Nat-Dia, the characteristic absorption bands of Si–O in-plane stretching vibration (1090 cm −1 ), Si–O symmetric stretching vibration (794 cm −1 ), Si–O–Si bending vibration (472 cm −1 ) are clearly observed (Deng et al., 2019; Khraisheh et al., 2005; Yuan et al., 2013). In addition, the band at 625 cm −1 may be ascribed to the perpendicular vibration of Al–O (Zhao et al., 2015), which is impurity in diatomite. However, compared with spectrum of Nat-Dia, all of the Alk-Dia samples exhibit two new bands at about 3460 and 1645 cm −1 , which are attributed to the –OH stretching and bending vibrations of molecular water (Zhao et al., 2015), furthermore, the intensities of them are increased with increasing the activation temperature, reflecting that the amount of water adsorbed by the Alk-Dia is gradually increased.…”