Control the cost, touch and step voltages of the grounding grids design

Evaluation of sustainability of microgrid grounding grid design under varying soil conditions through estimation of touch, step voltages and novel methods of earthing

“…Then, boundary potential (V B ) on the outer surface of the given model can be found from Afterward, the node which is having the highest touch and step potential is to be determined. Henceforth, touch potential (V TV ) and step potential (V SV ) through the finite element model can be evaluated from (21) and (22) as follows:…”

“…Sustainable GG design can be attained by analysing GG parametrically [13,14]. Although, many parametric and economical analysis of GG design, as well as estimation of soil structure, nearby GG designs are done in the past, in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. But, none of them analyse the sustainability of optimal GG design under varying soil conditions, estimating the impact of the top layer (TL), middle layer (ML) and bottom layer (BL) soil resistivities and thickness of the top (TLT) and the middle layer (MLT) individually.…”

Earthing grid designs for heterogeneous soil structures in hilly regions using current simulation method

“…CSM in non-homogeneous soil is advancement over the approach of solving the problem in case of the multilayer example [11]. In the analysis of the non-homogeneous or heterogeneous case, separate volumes of soil with different resistivities are considered inside the horizontal soil layers to represent the heterogeneous model.…”

“…A safe earthing grid ensures the safety of working professionals and protection of equipment and machineries. Reduction in the values of grid resistance [9,[11][12][13][14], mesh and step voltages [9] is an indication of the improvement in the grid design. The earthing grid designs [7] are affected hugely by the soil conditions and structures.…”

“…In this study, current simulation technique [11,22] has been adopted to analyse the grid designs in multi-layered soil [1,4,7,11,12] with homogeneous layers and multi-layered soil with finite heterogeneity [23] in each of the respective horizontal layers, respectively. The soil structures and models in the hilly regions [17] are mostly heterogeneous in nature with wide variations in the resistivities.…”