Control strategy to mitigate the impact of reduced inertia due to doubly fed induction generators on large power systems

Gautam, Durga; Goel, L.; Vittal, Vijay; Harbour, Terry

doi:10.1109/pes.2011.6039010

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Two first-order low-pass filters with a time constant of T g = 20 ms will represent the converter control systems [9]. This model has been validated and widely used in large-scale system wind integration studies in previous studies, such as, [6] and [10]. It is assumed that DFIGs within the same wind farm has the same wind speed and can be aggregated into a single unit with the same MVA rating as the summation of each DFIG's MVA rating [6].…”

Section: Dfig Model and Control Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work reported in [5] introduced an additional supplementary controller proportional to the derivative of system frequency to emulate the natural inertial response (df /dt response). Similarly, the work in [6] modifies the supplementary control signal to be proportional to the frequency deviation to achieve a greater contribution from the wind turbines (∆f response). However, both df /dt and ∆f response are scenario-based, the response shape depends on the system frequency measurement f and the control gains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, both df /dt and ∆f response are scenario-based, the response shape depends on the system frequency measurement f and the control gains. Moreover, df /dt is sensitive to measurement error and noise [6]. The shape of the fixed trajectory is not determined by the frequency disturbance but is based on a power surge function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Control Approach for Wind Turbine Generators to Provide Fast Frequency Response with Guarantee of Rotor Security

Wang

Tomsovic

2018

2018 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

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Wind generation is expected to reach substantially higher levels of penetration in the near future. With the converter interface, the rotor inertia of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine generator is effectively decoupled from the system, causing a reduction in inertial response. This can be compensated by enabling the DFIG to provide fast frequency response. This paper proposes a quantitative control approach for DFIG to deliver fast frequency response in the inertial response time scale. A supplementary power surge function is added to the active power reference of DFIG. The exact amount of power surge that is available from DFIG-based wind turbine is quantified based on estimation of maximum extractable energy. Moreover, the operational constraints such as rotor limits and converter over-load limit are considered at the same time. Thus, the proposed approach not only provides adequate inertial response but also ensures the rotor speed is kept within a specified operating range. Rotor safety is guaranteed without the need for an additional rotor speed protection scheme.

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Section: Dfig Model and Control Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Control Approach for Wind Turbine Generators to Provide Fast Frequency Response with Guarantee of Rotor Security

Wang

Tomsovic

2018

2018 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)

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“…Apart from their intermit-tency, they are connected through power converters which decouple them from the power system grid [12,13]. Therefore, the effective inertia of the electrical grid is reduced when conventional generators are replaced by RES [14,15], affecting the system stability and reliability [16]. This fact is considered as one of the main drawbacks of integrating a large amount of non-synchronous generators (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

Fernández‐Guillamón

Gómez‐Lázaro

Muljadi

et al. 2019

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

341

123

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Traditionally, inertia in power systems has been determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. During the last decade, the integration of renewable energy sources, mainly photovoltaic installations and wind power plants, has led to a significant dynamic characteristic change in power systems. This change is mainly due to the fact that most renewables have power electronics at the grid interface. The overall impact on stability and reliability analysis of power systems is very significant. The power systems become more dynamic and require a new set of strategies modifying traditional generation control algorithms. Indeed, renewable generation units are decoupled from the grid by electronic converters, decreasing the overall inertia of the grid. 'Hidden inertia', 'synthetic inertia' or 'virtual inertia' are terms currently used to represent artificial inertia created by converter control of the renewable sources. Alternative spinning reserves are then needed in the new power system with high penetration renewables, where the lack of rotating masses directly connected to the grid must be emulated to maintain an acceptable power system reliability. This paper reviews the inertia concept in terms of values and their evolution in the last decades, as well as the damping factor values. A comparison of the rotational grid inertia for traditional and current averaged generation mix scenarios is also carried out. In addition, an extensive discussion on wind and photovoltaic power plants and their contributions to inertia in terms of frequency control strategies is included in the paper.

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“…3,4 Variable speed wind turbines do not directly contribute to system inertia as a result of the decoupled control between the mechanical and electrical systems thus preventing the generators from responding to system frequency changes. [5][6][7][8][9] In areas rich in wind resources, e.g. in the Northwest China, large amounts of wind turbines are gradually replacing conventional power plants that could significantly reduce the total system inertia and result in reduced system stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method for obtaining virtual inertial response of DFIG‐based wind turbines

et al. 2015

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This paper investigates virtual inertia control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines to provide dynamic frequency support in the event of sudden power change. The relationships among DFIGs' virtual inertia, rotor speed and network frequency variation are analysed, and a novel virtual inertia control strategy is proposed. The proposed control strategy shifts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curve to the virtual inertia control curves according to the frequency deviation so as to release the 'hidden' kinetic energy and provide dynamic frequency support to the grid. The calculation of the virtual inertia and its control curves are also presented. Compared with a PD regulator-based inertial controller, the proposed virtual inertia control scheme not only provides fast inertial response in the event of sudden power change but also achieves a smoother recovery to the MPPT operation. A four-machine system with 30% of wind penetration is simulated to validate the proposed control strategy. Simulation results show that DFIG-based wind farms can provide rapid response to the frequency deviation using the proposed control strategy. Therefore, the dynamic frequency response of the power grid with high wind power penetration can be significantly improved.

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Control strategy to mitigate the impact of reduced inertia due to doubly fed induction generators on large power systems

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Control Approach for Wind Turbine Generators to Provide Fast Frequency Response with Guarantee of Rotor Security

Quantitative Control Approach for Wind Turbine Generators to Provide Fast Frequency Response with Guarantee of Rotor Security

Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time

A novel method for obtaining virtual inertial response of DFIG‐based wind turbines

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