Control strategy for optimal participation of wind farms in primary frequency control

Ahmadyar, Ahmad Shabir; Verbič, Gregor

doi:10.1109/ptc.2015.7232290

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, when downstream turbines were placed in the wakes of upstream turbines, the tracking performance of the downstream turbines was significantly degraded. Other approaches that do not consider interactions between turbine wakes or use steady‐state wake models that ignore the time‐varying nature of these interactions may also be unable to provide secondary frequency regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐based receding horizon control of wind farms for secondary frequency regulation

et al. 2017

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In this study, we propose the use of model‐based receding horizon control to enable a wind farm to provide secondary frequency regulation for a power grid. The controller is built by first proposing a time‐varying one‐dimensional wake model, which is validated against large eddy simulations of a wind farm at startup. This wake model is then used as a plant model for a closed‐loop receding horizon controller that uses wind speed measurements at each turbine as feedback. The control method is tested in large eddy simulations with actuator disk wind turbine models representing an 84‐turbine wind farm that aims to track sample frequency regulation reference signals spanning 40 min time intervals. This type of control generally requires wind turbines to reduce their power set points or curtail wind power output (derate the power output) by the same amount as the maximum upward variation in power level required by the reference signal. However, our control approach provides good tracking performance in the test system considered with only a 4% derate for a regulation signal with an 8% maximum upward variation. This performance improvement has the potential to reduce the opportunity cost associated with lost revenue in the bulk power market that is typically associated with providing frequency regulation services. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model‐based receding horizon control of wind farms for secondary frequency regulation

et al. 2017

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“…An optimal control strategy that exploits the wake interaction to maximise the kinetic energy in the wind farm to provide primary frequency services is proposed in [175]. The control variables are the pitch angle and tip‐speed ratio and the wake model used in the optimization is the stationary model proposed in [176].…”

Section: Provision Of Grid Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind farm control ‐ Part I: A review on control system concepts and structures

Andersson

Anaya‐Lara

Tande

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Wind farm control design is a recently new area of research that has rapidly become a key enabler for the development of large wind farm projects and their safe and efficient connection to the power grid. A comprehensive review of the intense research conducted in this area over the last 10 years is presented. Part I reviews control system concepts and structures and classifies them depending on their main objective (i.e. to maximise power production or to provide grid services. The work and key findings in each paper are discussed in detail with particular emphasis on the turbine side. Additionally, the review contributes to the existing reviews on the area by providing an elegant classification between model testing and control approaches. Areas where significant work is still needed are also discussed. In Part II, a thorough review on aerodynamic wind farm models for control design purposes is provided.

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“…The traditional pitch angle control implements Proportional Integral (PI) control that computes the difference between rotor and reference rotor speeds [59]. Furthermore, pitch angle control takes into account the compensation through a different PI control that computes the difference between mechanical wind power and maximum rated power for each wind speed [60]. In order to check the validity of the C p curves (Equation (11)), real data from a manufacturer [58] have been used.…”

Section: Wind Power Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Power Plant in an Isolated Power System

2018

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Currently, some small islands with high wind potential are trying to reduce the environmental and economic impact of fossil fuels by using renewable resources. Nevertheless, the characteristics of these renewable resources negatively affect the quality of the electrical energy, causing frequency disturbances, especially in isolated systems. In this study, the combined contribution to frequency regulation of variable speed wind turbines (VSWT) and a pump storage hydropower plant (PSHP) is analyzed. Different control strategies, using the kinetic energy stored in the VSWT, are studied: inertial, proportional, and their combination. In general, the gains of the VSWT controller for interconnected systems proposed in the literature are not adequate for isolated systems. Therefore, a methodology to adjust the controllers, based on exhaustive searches, is proposed for each of the control strategies. The control strategies and methodology have been applied to a hybrid wind-hydro power plant on El Hierro Island in the Canary archipelago. At present, in this isolated power system, frequency regulation is only provided by the PSHP and diesel generators. The improvements in the quality of frequency regulation, including the VSWT contribution, have been proven based on simulating different events related to wind speed, or variations in the power demand.

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Control strategy for optimal participation of wind farms in primary frequency control

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

Model‐based receding horizon control of wind farms for secondary frequency regulation

Model‐based receding horizon control of wind farms for secondary frequency regulation

Wind farm control ‐ Part I: A review on control system concepts and structures

Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Wind–Hydro Power Plant in an Isolated Power System

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