Control strategies for distributed energy resources to maximize the use of wind power in rural microgrids

Abstract

This paper investigates the control strategies for distributed energy resources (DERs), including diesel generators, energy storage and demand response (DR), to achieve high penetration of wind energy in a rural microgrid. In such a system, it could be both economical and environmentally friendly to harness wind power and displace the consumption of fossil fuels. In the study, energy storage and DR are used to contain frequency deviations and reduce diesel generators' movement, while maximizing the use of wind energy. Detailed dynamic models of DERs and household loads are built to simulate the microgrid. Combinations of centralized (direct control) and decentralized (autonomous response) control strategies on DERs are implemented. The control capabilities of each type of DERs are also explored under different scenarios. The system responses under high wind speeds and to large disturbances are tested. Results show that coordinated DR and energy storage can effectively compensate for wind variability as well as provide desired frequency response. This consequently reduces the movements of diesel generators and thereby the amount of mechanical stress.Index Terms-microgrid control, wind power, distributed energy resources, centralized control, decentralized control, demand response, energy storage, smart grid Shuai Lu (M'06) is a Senior Research Engineer at PNNL. He has led many R&D projects for DOE and the electric power industry. His experience includes integration of renewable resources, power system dynamics modeling, power system operations, and demand response. Prior to joining PNNL in 2006, Dr. Lu conducted research on the design of an undersea power and communication network to be deployed in the northeast Pacific Ocean. He also designed digital controllers and models for static var compensators (SVC). He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Tsinghua University, China, and doctorate from the University of Washington, all in Electrical Engineering.

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