Control Strategies for Daylight and Artificial Lighting in Office Buildings—A Bibliometrically Assisted Review

Abstract

A significant proportion of the total energy consumption in office buildings is attributable to lighting. Enhancements in energy efficiency are currently achieved through strategies to reduce artificial lighting by intelligent daylight utilization. Control strategies in the field of daylighting and artificial lighting are mostly rule-based and focus either on comfort aspects or energy objectives. This paper aims to provide an overview of published scientific literature on enhanced control strategies, in which new control approaches are critically analysed regarding the fulfilment of energy efficiency targets and comfort criteria simultaneously. For this purpose, subject-specific review articles from the period between 2015 and 2020 and their research sources from as far back as 1978 are analysed. Results show clearly that building controls increasingly need to address multiple trades to achieve a maximum improvement in user comfort and energy efficiency. User acceptance can be highlighted as a decisive factor in achieving targeted system efficiencies, which are highly determined by the ability of active user interaction in the automatic control system. The future trend is moving towards decentralized control concepts including appropriate occupancy detection and space zoning. Simulation-based controls and learning systems are identified as appropriate methods that can play a decisive role in reducing building energy demand through integral control concepts.

Machine Learning Methods in Smart Lighting Toward Achieving User Comfort: A Survey

“…In addition, other metrics are objective measurements that focus on technical aspects of smart lighting comfort. Plorer et al [356] say that control strategies in smart lighting usually focus on user comfort or energy efficiency. So there are two parameters in implementing smart lighting: energy efficiency and user comfort.…”

A Study on Smart Lighting Design for Sustainable Office Building Performance in South Tangerang

“…According to Wang [3], smart building can be defined based on it deliverables, service, performance and system based (Figure 2). System based by how building use an advanced and integrated building technology systems [4], Service and performance by how smart building also help efficiency of HVAC and other system to various external and internal effects to achieve energy efficiency and occupant comfort [5].…”

“…The use of controls and sensor usually to focus on energy savings. User-centeredness can result in a better performance in terms of energy than compared to a control system designed exclusively for saving energy [5].…”

“…In order to comply all the considerations above, it can be seen that the important keys of façade design optimization are: Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) 4 and façade material properties specifically on Conductivity (U) 5 value, Shading Coefficient (SC) 6 Value that determine the OTTV. Another important key is Light Transmission (LT) 7 Value of the vision glass that determine the daylight penetration in to the building.…”

“…These figures 6 show that the optimization has achieved compliances both in energy efficiency and wellbeing. 4 Ratio between fenestration area and the whole façade area in particular orientation (%) 5 The rate of heat transfer through the material or a composite (W/m 2 K) 6 The ratio of solar heat gain passing through glass unit to the solar energy which passes through 3mm clear float glass 7 The amount of visible light waves that transmit through material (%) On this process, the architect, façade consultant, mechanical consultant and green building consultant have intensive involvement in this process with the following roles:…”