Control of unusual hyphal morphology in a mutant of Coprinus macrorhizus.

Nyunoya, Hiroshi; Ishikawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.1266/jjg.54.11

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In some cases, mutants enable monokaryotic hyphae to proliferate and initiate fruit development [ 145 ] or to exhibit one of two cancer-like growth forms. In one type, hyphae form undifferentiated mounds, mats or bulbous forms in Schizophora commune [ 146 , 147 ] and in Coprinus macrorhizus [ 148 ]. Similar growth forms have also been described in cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus ( figure 5 ) [ 149 ], and associated with genetic alterations including chromosomal modifications [ 150 ].…”

Section: Survey Of Cancer Across Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in multicellularity

Aktipis

Boddy

Jansen

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

353

382

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multicellularity is characterized by cooperation among cells for the development, maintenance and reproduction of the multicellular organism. Cancer can be viewed as cheating within this cooperative multicellular system. Complex multicellularity, and the cooperation underlying it, has evolved independently multiple times. We review the existing literature on cancer and cancer-like phenomena across life, not only focusing on complex multicellularity but also reviewing cancer-like phenomena across the tree of life more broadly. We find that cancer is characterized by a breakdown of the central features of cooperation that characterize multicellularity, including cheating in proliferation inhibition, cell death, division of labour, resource allocation and extracellular environment maintenance (which we term the five foundations of multicellularity). Cheating on division of labour, exhibited by a lack of differentiation and disorganized cell masses, has been observed in all forms of multicellularity. This suggests that deregulation of differentiation is a fundamental and universal aspect of carcinogenesis that may be underappreciated in cancer biology. Understanding cancer as a breakdown of multicellular cooperation provides novel insights into cancer hallmarks and suggests a set of assays and biomarkers that can be applied across species and characterize the fundamental requirements for generating a cancer.

show abstract

Section: Survey Of Cancer Across Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in multicellularity

Aktipis

Boddy

Jansen

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

353

382

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, because of the control by environmental signals (275,278,286) meiosis can be monitored in a regular and predictable manner (402). C. cinereus has a total genome size of 37,500 kb (115, 539) distributed over 13 chromosomes (176,371,391,392,535), although only 10 linkage groups have been defined genetically so far (71,366). In the developing meiotic cells, all 13 chromosome pairs can easily be studied jointly by light microscopy using rapid fixation and staining techniques and by surface spreading and electron microscopy (176,239,283,288,392,466).…”

Section: Developmental Processes In the Basidiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their formation requires light, and their occurrence is epistatic over the development of fruiting bodies (371). Rockeries have so far been observed only on developmental mutants (215, 371; Kües, unpublished), and it is possible that these structures are artifacts due to defects in the normal developmental pathway of fruiting-body formation.…”

Section: Other Multicellular Structures: Sclerotia Mycelial Cords Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). This potential ranges from the fruiting body (carpophore, basidiocarp, basidiome), with the meiotic basidiospores localized within the gills (314,338) (see below), to mitotic aerial spores (oidia) and mitotic submerged spores (chlamydospores) to the multicellular structures of sclerotia, mycelial cords, pseudorhizas and rockeries (56,60,171,261,371,385) (see below). There is considerable flexibility in the shapes formed and in when and where these different organs develop (89,91,171,463; U. Kües, J. D. Granado, Y. Liu, E. Polak, and M. Aebi, unpublished data; E. Polak, M. Aebi, and U. Kües, submitted for publication).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Life History and Developmental Processes in the BasidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus

Kües

2000

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

432

336

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Coprinus cinereus has two main types of mycelia, the asexual monokaryon and the sexual dikaryon, formed by fusion of compatible monokaryons. Syngamy (plasmogamy) and karyogamy are spatially and temporally separated, which is typical for basidiomycetous fungi. This property of the dikaryon enables an easy exchange of nuclear partners in further dikaryotic-monokaryotic and dikaryotic-dikaryotic mycelial fusions. Fruiting bodies normally develop on the dikaryon, and the cytological process of fruiting-body development has been described in its principles. Within the specialized basidia, present within the gills of the fruiting bodies, karyogamy occurs in a synchronized manner. It is directly followed by meiosis and by the production of the meiotic basidiospores. The synchrony of karyogamy and meiosis has made the fungus a classical object to study meiotic cytology and recombination. Several genes involved in these processes have been identified. Both monokaryons and dikaryons can form multicellular resting bodies (sclerotia) and different types of mitotic spores, the small uninucleate aerial oidia, and, within submerged mycelium, the large thick-walled chlamydospores. The decision about whether a structure will be formed is made on the basis of environmental signals (light, temperature, humidity, and nutrients). Of the intrinsic factors that control development, the products of the two mating type loci are most important. Mutant complementation and PCR approaches identified further genes which possibly link the two mating-type pathways with each other and with nutritional regulation, for example with the cAMP signaling pathway. Among genes specifically expressed within the fruiting body are those for two galectins, β-galactoside binding lectins that probably act in hyphal aggregation. These genes serve as molecular markers to study development in wild-type and mutant strains. The isolation of genes for potential non-DNA methyltransferases, needed for tissue formation within the fruiting body, promises the discovery of new signaling pathways, possibly involving secondary fungal metabolites.

show abstract

“…The present results indicated that in C. macrorhizus tyrosinase activity was induced even in a monokaryotic Fis-strain which is unable to form fruiting bodies and fruiting body formation in dikaryon and monokaryotic Fisc strain was inhibited by 2-DG under the condition that induced a high level of tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, our previous study indicated that a mutant strain roc fisc5 grown in the dark was unable to form fruiting bodies but produced significantly high levels of tyrosinase and melanin (29). The results suggest that the production of tyrosinase and melanin may be regulated independently of fruiting body formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%