Abstract:To enhance the move towards a sustainable society, the solar Photovoltaic (PV) industry and its applications are progressing at a rapid rate. However, the associated issues need to be addressed when connecting PV to the grid. Advanced and efficient controllers are required for the DC link to control the second harmonic ripple and current controllers to inject quality active and reactive power to the grid in the grid-connected PV system. In this paper, DC-link voltage, active power, and reactive power are succe… Show more
“…Once the MPP is attained, the PV array operation is sustained at that point and the disturbance is stopped unless a change in dIPV is noted. In this case, the algorithm decrement or increment the VPV voltage of the PV array to track a new MPP [20], [21]. The size of the increment determines the rate at which the MPP is tracked.…”
Section: Algorithm and Methods 31 Incremental Of Conductance (Inc) Al...mentioning
<span lang="EN-US">The operating performance of a PV module/array is extremely reliant on the weather (temperature/irradiation) and non-linear. Thus, to ensure that the PV array produces the maximum possible power at any time and regardless of the external conditions, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are required. The solution suggested in this paper involves taking into account two cascaded controllers as follows; the incremental conductance (INC) controller, which is intended to provide a reference proportional to the PV array's optimal power P<sub>MPP</sub>, and the sliding mode control (SMC), which is in charge of controlling the GPV voltage. The strategy of the SMC is to design a sliding surface that defines the operating point. The SMC combined with the INC aims to achieve fast MPPT action on PV systems using cascade control. The proposed controller is robust to changing weather conditions. In order to evaluate what is done, the results are compared with the INC+PI controller. When an abrupt change occurs, the SMC has a low transient and arrives to equilibrium sooner than the INC+PI controller. the results are presented by the PSIM software, and demonstrate the SMC controller's performance while confirming that the new approach has increased both production and energy efficiency.</span>
“…Once the MPP is attained, the PV array operation is sustained at that point and the disturbance is stopped unless a change in dIPV is noted. In this case, the algorithm decrement or increment the VPV voltage of the PV array to track a new MPP [20], [21]. The size of the increment determines the rate at which the MPP is tracked.…”
Section: Algorithm and Methods 31 Incremental Of Conductance (Inc) Al...mentioning
<span lang="EN-US">The operating performance of a PV module/array is extremely reliant on the weather (temperature/irradiation) and non-linear. Thus, to ensure that the PV array produces the maximum possible power at any time and regardless of the external conditions, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are required. The solution suggested in this paper involves taking into account two cascaded controllers as follows; the incremental conductance (INC) controller, which is intended to provide a reference proportional to the PV array's optimal power P<sub>MPP</sub>, and the sliding mode control (SMC), which is in charge of controlling the GPV voltage. The strategy of the SMC is to design a sliding surface that defines the operating point. The SMC combined with the INC aims to achieve fast MPPT action on PV systems using cascade control. The proposed controller is robust to changing weather conditions. In order to evaluate what is done, the results are compared with the INC+PI controller. When an abrupt change occurs, the SMC has a low transient and arrives to equilibrium sooner than the INC+PI controller. the results are presented by the PSIM software, and demonstrate the SMC controller's performance while confirming that the new approach has increased both production and energy efficiency.</span>
“…The most important part in the 2nd stage is the control of the inverter that is implemented in the form of two cascaded loops, i.e., inner and outer loop. In the proposed model, the dual loop control architecture is implemented using a stationary reference frame (αβ), as presented in Figure 8 [27]. The voltages and currents are transformed from abc frame to αβ frame as: Initially, the measured DCL voltage is compared with the reference to generate an error.…”
In this work, a non-isolated DC–DC converter is presented that combines a voltage doubler circuit and switch inductor cell with the single ended primary inductor converter to achieve a high voltage gain at a low duty cycle and with reduced component count. The converter utilizes a single switch that makes its control very simple. The voltage stress across the semiconductor components is less than the output voltage, which makes it possible to use the diodes with reduced voltage rating and a switch with low turn-on resistance. In particular, performance principle of the proposed converter along with the steady state analysis such as voltage gain, voltage stress on semiconductor components, and design of inductors and capacitors, etc., are carried out and discussed in detail. Moreover, to regulate a constant voltage at a DC-link capacitor, back propagation algorithm-based adaptive control schemes are designed. These adaptive schemes enhance the system performance by dynamically updating the control law parameters in case of PV intermittency. Furthermore, a proportional resonant controller based on Naslin polynomial method is designed for the current control loop. The method describes a systematic procedure to calculate proportional gain, resonant gain, and all the coefficients for the resonant path. Finally, the proposed system is simulated in MATLAB and Simulink software to validate the analytical and theoretical concepts along with the efficacy of the proposed model.
“…The phase angle of the grid voltage must be calculated in real time to define the power ratio between the grid and the inverter [28]. In this investigation, the second-order generalized integrator (SOGI)based phase-locked loop (PLL) is implemented (Figure 13) because it presents harmonic immunity, a fast tracking accuracy, and a rapid dynamic response [6]. The phase detector is composed of an orthogonal signal generator and obtains the Park transform of the waves to detect the components q and d in the rotating reference frame.…”
Section: Phase-locked Loop (Pll)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another study related to active and reactive power control techniques for two-stage on-grid inverters in a photovoltaic system was presented in [6]. In this case, the DC link voltage, active power, and reactive power were successfully controlled with an adaptive-PI and adaptive-sliding-mode controller.…”
This paper presents the design and implementation of an on-grid microinverter control technique for managing active and reactive power based on a dq transformation. The system was implemented in a solar microinverter development kit (Texas Instruments—TMDSSOLARUINVKIT). This microinverter has two stages: DC-DC and DC-AC. The DC-DC stage contains an active clamp flyback converter, where the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the solar panel is obtained with a current-based incremental conductance algorithm. The DC-AC stage comprises a dual-buck inverter in which voltage-, current-, and phase-tracking control loops are implemented to control the active and reactive power. These techniques were simulated in MATLAB using the proposed mathematical model and experimentally validated in the solar development kit. The results show that the simulated model behaved similarly to the real system, and the control techniques presented good performance. The maximum power point (MPP) of the solar panel was monitored in the DC-DC stage using a current reference provided by the incremental conductance MPPT algorithm and was regulated by a 2P2Z control. The algorithm is robust against continuous changes in irradiance, as it quickly follows the ideal power and continually operates at a point close to the MPP. In addition, the active and reactive power control in the DC-AC stage enables the microinverter to supply the maximum active power. Moreover, the microinverter supplies reactive power according to a defined reference and within the established limits. The proposed mathematical model of the microinverter can be used to design new control techniques and other microinverter topologies. In addition, this active and reactive power-control technique can be implemented in low-power and low-cost microinverters to successfully maintain power quality in small microgrids.
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