“…Under physiological conditions, ROS can be scavenged off, and oxidative damage can be minimized because of the existence of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzyme antioxidants, such as SOD, CAT, POD, APX, GR, AsA, and GSH. Activities of SOD, CAT, and POD, as well as the balance of AsA-GSH cycle in cells are crucial for determining the steady-state levels of superoxide radicals and H 2 O 2 [43]. SOD catalyzes the conversion of O 2− to H 2 O 2 , which is subsequently decomposed into H 2 O and O 2 by CAT or POD [44].…”