Control of Skin Blood Flow

Petrofsky, Jerrold S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27814-3_169-1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 94 publications

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“…Ending up in the papillary loops of the superficial arteriovenous plexus nearby to the dermo–epidermal junction in the upper dermis, a one-cell thick endothelial cell layer represents the interface between the surrounding tissue of the skin and the human vascular system. The role of the endothelium in the skin is analogue to its role in the whole body: it actively responds to pressure, shear forces, osmolarity, heat, chemokines and cytokines by modulation of its permeability and induction of also vegetatively controlled vasodilatation or constriction [ 111 ].…”

Section: Which Skin Barriers Have To Be Overcome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

et al. 2020

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Although, drugs are required in the various skin compartments such as viable epidermis, dermis, or hair follicles, to efficiently treat skin diseases, drug delivery into and across the skin is still challenging. An improved understanding of skin barrier physiology is mandatory to optimize drug penetration and permeation. The various barriers of the skin have to be known in detail, which means methods are needed to measure their functionality and outside-in or inside-out passage of molecules through the various barriers. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge about mechanical barriers, i.e., stratum corneum and tight junctions, in interfollicular epidermis, hair follicles and glands. Furthermore, we discuss the barrier properties of the basement membrane and dermal blood vessels. Barrier alterations found in skin of patients with atopic dermatitis are described. Finally, we critically compare the up-to-date applicability of several physical, biochemical and microscopic methods such as transepidermal water loss, impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, immunohistochemical stainings, optical coherence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy to distinctly address the different barriers and to measure permeation through these barriers in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: Which Skin Barriers Have To Be Overcome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

et al. 2020

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A novel non-invasive method of measuring microcirculatory perfusion and blood velocity in infants: a pilot study

Gangaram-Panday

Nijenhuis

Fine

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Current haemodynamic monitoring is mainly aimed at the macrocirculation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of the microcirculation in relation to the patient’s condition and impact of treatment strategies. However, continuous monitoring of the microcirculation is not yet possible in the neonatal field. A novel dynamic light scattering (DLS) sensor technology for continuous monitoring of the microcirculation was investigated in the neonatal population. Thirty-one haemodynamically stable infants were included. Sequential measurements at the forehead, upper extremity, thorax, abdomen and lower extremity were conducted with the DLS sensor. For analyses stable measurements were selected. The DLS parameters, total blood flow (TBF) and relative blood velocity (RBV), were compared between measurement locations. Changes in relative haemodynamic indices (relHIs), indicating the distribution of blood flow in the microcirculatory blood vessels, were associated with heart rate decelerations. Measurements performed at the forehead had significantly lower TBF levels, compared to measurements at other locations. Early changes in relHIs around a heart rate deceleration were recorded a median (IQR) of 22.0 (13.5–27.0) s before the onset. Measurement of the currently unavailable parameters TBF, RBV and relHIs is possible with DLS technology. Validation of the DLS technology is needed for clinical implementation.

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Control of Skin Blood Flow

Cited by 2 publications

References 94 publications

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

Skin Barriers in Dermal Drug Delivery: Which Barriers Have to Be Overcome and How Can We Measure Them?

A novel non-invasive method of measuring microcirculatory perfusion and blood velocity in infants: a pilot study

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