Control of Residues of Five Macrocyclic Lactones in Cow Milk By Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Abstract

A sensitive and reliable method has been developed and validated to determine residues of abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in bovine milk. Isolation of the analytes from milk was performed with the use of liquidliquid extraction with acetonitrile in the presence of sodium chloride. The extract was defatted with hexane and cleaned up using solid phase extraction (C8 cartridge) after forming ion pairs with triethylamine. The analytes were derivatized with N, Ndimethylformamide, acetic acid anhydride, and N-methylimidazole (100°C, 90 min). The derivatives were determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (excitation and emission wavelength 365 nm and 475 nm, respectively). Recoveries of the lactones from milk samples fortified at 10-30 µg kg -1 ranged from 52% to 80% with intra-laboratory reproducibility (CV) of 12.7%-22.8%. The critical concentrations (decision limit, CCα and detection capability, CCβ) were in accordance with target limits. The method has been verified in the proficiency studies by EURL/CVL Berlin (all z-scores in the range of ±2). The method was transferred to routine laboratories, verified in inter-laboratory comparison and successfully applied in the National Residue Control Plan.

Studies on the Selective S-oxidation of Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Triclabendazole, and Other Benzimidazole Sulfides

“…Benzimidazole sulfides 1, 2, and 3 undergo first pass biotransformation in the organism, where the sulphur atom is oxidized to produce the active antiparasitic sulfoxides 4 [1,[4][5], 6 [6][7], and 8 [8][9], respectively. Further oxidation produces the inactive sulfones 5, 7 or 9.…”