Control of Reed Canarygrass Promotes Wetland Herb and Tree Seedling Establishment in an Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Forest

Thomsen, Meredith; Brownell, Kurt; Groshek, Matthew; Kirsch, Eileen M.

doi:10.1007/s13157-012-0289-5

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Although alien herbaceous species can in some cases reduce native tree species richness by limiting regeneration (Rogers ; Flory & Clay ; Thomsen et al . ), alien species richness was reduced in plots where native tree abundance was highest, suggesting an exclusion of aliens in shaded native‐dominated plots. The positive correlation between alien focal species abundance and alien richness may thus simply reflect that aliens occupy more open woodlands, forest gaps and edges, but are less successful at colonizing closed native forests (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Alien and native plant species play different roles in plant community structure

Bernard‐Verdier

Hulme

2014

Journal of Ecology

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Summary1. Although impacts of alien plants on species richness are widely reported, it remains unclear how common such effects might be and whether they differ from those due to native species. To date, too few studies have examined the impacts of a wide enough spectrum of native and alien species to address the importance of geographic origin on the richness of plant communities. 2. We investigated how total plant species richness, as well as its separate alien and native components, varied with the abundance of 115 alien and 146 native plant species across Banks Peninsula in New Zealand. Using null models, we tested whether significant correlations between the abundance of each focal species and species richness were more frequent than expected by chance. Examination of the differences in the relationships with species abundance found for native and alien richness can shed light as to whether alien species might be acting as drivers of biodiversity change or passengers responding to external environmental factors. 3. Significant relationships were rarely found for total richness due to contrasting trends of native and alien richness with species abundance. In contrast to natives, an increase in the abundance of an alien species revealed more frequent negative relationships with native richness and positive correlations with alien richness. 4. The relationship with species abundance found for native and alien components of richness differed between grasslands and woodlands. While we found putative support for negative impacts on native richness for several alien species in grasslands, the similar negative correlations in woodlands were more likely to reflect the shade intolerance of alien grasses where native species richness was high. 5. Synthesis. Our analyses reveal that widespread alien and native species play different roles in the plant communities in which they co-occur. Separately analysing the relationship with species abundance for alien and native components of richness can help distinguish between situations where aliens may be acting as the primary drivers in plant community changes or simply passengers. This is an essential first step in designing further experimental studies to determine the underlying ecological processes and potential ecosystem impacts of alien species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Alien and native plant species play different roles in plant community structure

Bernard‐Verdier

Hulme

2014

Journal of Ecology

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“…; Lavergne & Molofsky ; Thomsen et al . ). An empirical phylogeographic study to determine the area of origin and to assess the historic pattern of distribution and dispersal of canary grasses across continents and into varied habitats is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…They have occupied both wild and disturbed areas of temperate and subtropical regions, ranging from lacustrine habitats, sandy soils, waste bed, open fields and wetlands (Baldini 1995). The genus contains P. arundinacea, a cosmopolitan species that has become invasive in North America, and is currently used as a model organism in plant invasion studies (Galatowitsch et al 1999;Lavergne & Molofsky 2004;Thomsen et al 2012). An empirical phylogeographic study to determine the area of origin and to assess the historic pattern of distribution and dispersal of canary grasses across continents and into varied habitats is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canary Grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae): biogeography, molecular dating and the role of floret structure in dispersal

Voshell

Hilu

2013

Molecular Ecology

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Canary grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae) include 21 species, widely spread throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world with two centres of diversity: the Mediterranean Basin and western North America. The genus contains annual and perennial, endemic, cosmopolitan, wild, and invasive species with diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes. As such, Phalaris presents an ideal platform to study diversification via historic hybridization and polyploidy events, and geographical dispersal in grasses. We present the first empirical phylogeographic study for Phalaris testing current, intuitive hypotheses on the centres of origin, historic dispersal events and diversification within a geological timeframe. Bayesian methods (beast, version 1.6.2) were used to establish divergence dates, and dispersal-vicariance analyses (rasp, version 2.1b) were implemented for ancestral node reconstructions. Our phylogeographic results indicate that the genus emerged during the Miocene epoch [20.6-8.4 Ma (million years ago)] in the Mediterranean basin followed by dispersal and vicariance events to Africa, Asia and the Americas. We propose that a diploid ancestor of P. arundinacea migrated to western North America via the Bering Strait, where further diversification emerged in the New World. It appears that polyploidy played a major role in the evolution of the genus in the Old World, while diversification in the New World followed a primarily diploid pathway. Dispersal to various parts of the Americas followed different routes. Fertile florets with hairy protruding sterile lemmas showed significant correlation with wider geographical distribution.

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“…(Paynter and Flanagan 2004). Similarly, the treatment of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) with herbicide and soil scarification led to an increase in the establishment of natives (Thomsen et al 2012).…”

Section: Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing rain-filled wetlands for carbon sequestration: a synthesis

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Global acknowledgement of climate change and its predicted environmental consequences has created a need for practical management techniques that increase a landscape's ability to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C). Globally, wetlands sequester disproportionally more C per unit surface area than many other components of the landscape. However, wetlands vary in their capacity to store C and regulate greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrology, in particular, is a critical driver of wetland C capture and storage. Rain-filled wetlands offer a challenge for the management of C sequestration and storage because the hydrology of these systems is almost entirely driven by rainfall. We present a conceptual model of how management options, including weed and pest control, grazing and crop management and revegetation, will affect C sequestration and storage in rain-filled wetlands. Given the intensive nature of agricultural activities in areas where rain-filled wetlands are common, further work is needed to increase our understanding of the effects of these activities on wetland C capture and storage. Key knowledge gaps relating to the effect of management actions on wetland C sequestration include: (a) the benefits of integrated wetland management; (b) the appropriateness of different grazing regimes and the effect of total grazing pressure; (c) the effects of fire; and (d) the extent to which wetland function (C storage) can be restored following agricultural activities, such as cropping.

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Control of Reed Canarygrass Promotes Wetland Herb and Tree Seedling Establishment in an Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Forest

Cited by 30 publications

References 33 publications

Alien and native plant species play different roles in plant community structure

Alien and native plant species play different roles in plant community structure

Canary Grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae): biogeography, molecular dating and the role of floret structure in dispersal

Managing rain-filled wetlands for carbon sequestration: a synthesis

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