Control of Humidity in Small Controlled-environment Chambers using Glycerol-Water Solutions

Forney, Charles F.; Brandl, David G.

doi:10.21273/horttech.2.1.52

Cited by 116 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…But, if the chamber is loosely closed, it is easy to create a vapor balance that allows producing specific humidity values. Earlier methods [19,20,22,24] to control humidity relied on some form of additional salt solution that introduced yet another chemical to the system (the salt) and required an additional setup and constant convection (via a pump). With the method described here, we overcome the need for convection, and allow for the first time to control humidity or suppress evaporation without applying wind.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of methods have been introduced for this end, and as a rule they utilize either solutions of different salts [19], or, more commonly, saturated salt solutions [20][21][22] (the saturation maintains constant salt concentration in the solution and therefore produces constant humidity). There are various disadvantages to these methods: and the main one is the introduction of another chemical (the salt solution) which can contaminate the system [23,24] or corrode it or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling arbitrary humidity without convection

Wasnik

N’guessan

Tadmor

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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In this paper we show a way that allows for the first time to induce arbitrary humidity of desired value for systems without convective flow. To enable this novelty we utilize a semi-closed environment in which evaporation is not completely suppressed. In this case, the evaporation rate is determined both by the outer (open) humidity and by the inner (semi-closed) geometry including the size/shape of the evaporating medium and the size/shape of the semi-closure. We show how such systems can be used to induce desired humidity conditions. We consider water droplet placed on a solid surface and study its evaporation when it is surrounded by other drops, hereon "satellite" drops and covered by a semi-closed hemisphere. The main drop's evaporation rate is proportional to its height, in agreement with theory. Surprisingly, however, the influence of the satellite drops on the main drop's evaporation suppression is not proportional to the sum of heights of the satellite drops. Instead, it shows proportionality close to the satellite drops' total surface area. The resultant humidity conditions in the semi-closed system can be effectively and accurately induced using different satellite drops combinations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling arbitrary humidity without convection

Wasnik

N’guessan

Tadmor

2015

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Before the experiment, the attachment site of the pedicel was sealed with paraffin. The whole fruits were placed into small chambers either over dry silica gel (approximately 0 % relative humidity, RH) or over glycerol-water mixtures (Forney and Brandl 1992) to control RH (20,40,60,and 80 %). The equilibrium RH in the boxes was recorded using mini hygrometers (20711 Mini Hygrometer, Namiba Terra, Kempen, Germany).…”

Section: Characterisation Of Water Loss From Litchi and Longan Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water loss from litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Dimocarpus longan) fruits is biphasic and controlled by a complex pericarpal transpiration barrier

Riederer

Arand

Burghardt

et al. 2015

Planta

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In litchi and longan fruits, a specialised pericarp controls water loss by a protective system consisting of two resistances in series and two water reservoirs separated by a barrier. In the fruits of litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Dimocarpus longan), the pericarp is solely a protective structure lacking functional stomata and completely enclosing the aril that is the edible part. Maintaining a high water content of the fruits is crucial for ensuring the economic value of these important fruit crops. The water loss rates from mature fruits were determined and analysed in terms of the properties of the pericarps. Water loss kinetics and sorption isotherms were measured gravimetrically. The pericarps were studied with microscopy, and cuticular waxes and cutin were analysed with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The kinetics of fruit water loss are biphasic with a high initial rate and a lower equilibrium rate lasting for many hours. The outer and inner surfaces of the pericarps are covered with cuticles. Litchi and longan fruits have a unique type of transpiration barrier consisting of two resistances in series (endo- and exocarp cuticles) and two reservoirs of water (aril and mesocarp). The exocarp permeability controls the water loss from fresh fruits while in fruits kept for an extended time at low relative humidity it is determined by the endo- and exocarp permeabilities. Permeances measured are within the range for typical fruit cuticles. The findings may be used to design optimal postharvest storage strategies for litchi and longan fruits.

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“…TSM was provided as food (Day 1). Dishes were placed randomly lid-side down on a metal mesh rack over a glycerol/ water mix in closed plastic trays, to provide a relative humidity (RH) of 85 Ϯ 0.5% (Forney & Brandl 1992). Temperature and RH were monitored in the trays with a Hastings Tinyview™ data logger.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Combined Contact and Residual Effect On Mortalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of two formulations of the acaricide bifenazate on the spider mite predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Steiner¹,

Spohr²,

Goodwin³

2010

Australian Journal of Entomology

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Two formulations of the novel miticide bifenazate, Floramite SC (240 g/L bifenazate) and Acramite SC (480 g/L bifenazate) were separately evaluated at a rate of 310 mg a.i./L (1.3 mL/L Floramite or 0.65 mL/L Acramite) for side effects on the phytoseiid predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. Tests included a combination of contact and residual treatment by overhead spray, direct contact by immersion, residual contact with treated leaf discs and repellency of a treated surface. Spray application of Acramite to protonymphs and to adult females on leaf discs did not cause increased mortality over 5 days to either stage. Oviposition by treated adults was not affected over 5 days. Egg-laying by adult females sprayed as protonymphs was reduced, but fewer males and inadequate food supply may have been partly responsible. For adult females treated as nymphs by micro-immersion in Floramite or Acramite, there were no significant differences between treated and untreated P. persimilis in mortality or oviposition. For both formulations, there was a significant reduction in oviposition rate of the first generation reared from eggs deposited on treated foliage, but the reduction was <20%. Foliar applications of both formulations to leaf discs were repellent to adult females, resulting in reduced oviposition. The repellency from a treated surface and low direct and indirect toxicity suggests that application of both Acramite and Floramite against two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae, at the currently recommended rate of 310 mg a.i./L would be compatible with use of P. persimilis, particularly as a spot treatment.

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Control of Humidity in Small Controlled-environment Chambers using Glycerol-Water Solutions

Cited by 116 publications

References 3 publications

Controlling arbitrary humidity without convection

Controlling arbitrary humidity without convection

Water loss from litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Dimocarpus longan) fruits is biphasic and controlled by a complex pericarpal transpiration barrier

Impact of two formulations of the acaricide bifenazate on the spider mite predator Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

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