Control of Cigarette Habit by Psychological Aversive Conditioning: Clinical Evaluation in 53 Smokers

Ochsner, Alton; Damrau, F

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1970.tb03667.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…Aversive conditioning has received much attention in the literature. '4' [94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] Perhaps the most popular type of aversive conditioning has been that of satiation. Smokers are told to smoke rapidly and/or in excessive amounts which makes the smoker feel sick or nauseous.…”

Section: Programs For Youth School Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking education programs 1960-1976.

Thompson¹

1978

Am J Public Health

198

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This paper is a review of published reports, in English, of educational programs designed to change smoking behavior.Attempts to change the smoking behavior of young people have included anti-smoking campaigns, youth-to-youth programs, and a variety of message themes and teaching methods. Instruction has been presented both by teachers who were committed or persuasive and by teachers who were neutral or presented both sides of the issue. Didactic teaching, group discussion, individual study, peer instruction, and mass media have been employed. Health effects of smoking, both short-and long-term effects, have been emphasized. Most methods used with youth have shown little success. Studies of other methods have Since the release of the Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health in 1966, public health workers have emphasized cigarette smoking as a health hazard of major importance. Three world conferences on smoking and health have been held and the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health was established. The American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association, and numerous other voluntary and public health agencies have initiated a wide variety of anti-smoking campaigns.Although some programs have employed such non-educational techniques as hypnosis and tranquilizers, most have recognized the need for educational interventions. These interventions have been designed to discourage non-smokers from adopting the habit and to encourage smokers to cut down or quit. The educational methods have included traditional techniques such as group discussion as well as more unusual methods like emotional role playing. A great deal of experimentation with educational programs has occurred.In 1976, when the Public Education Section of the American Cancer Society began deliberations on the direction its smoking education programs should take in the coming years, it had a survey of the literature done. This survey was focused on reports of educational programs designed to change smoking behavior-programs that had actually been (Am. J. Public Health 68:250-257, 1978) tried. Thus reports of programs which were solely concerned with changes in knowledge and/or attitudes were not included nor were articles which did not describe the actual implementation of a smoking education program. Reports of attempts to change smoking behavior which employed medication, hypnosis, psychotherapy, sensory deprivation, electric shock, and other conditioning mechanisms which relied on elaborate equipment were all omitted. Formal school health education curriculum guides and campaigns which relied solely on mass media were also excluded. Only English language publications were included. This report is based on that survey.* The framework within which these studies are discussed emerged from the data. Once the survey was completed, the data were examined and a dichotomy became apparent. Some studies dealt with programs for youth and some with programs for adults. Rarely were both age groups includ...

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