Control of American Burnweed (Erechtites hieraciifolia) in Bermudagrass Turf

Abstract

American burnweed is an early successional summer annual species in the Asteraceae. This weed is a poor competitor; however, it rapidly colonizes disturbed and low-maintenance areas, especially following an environmental disturbance. Recently, turfgrass managers have made adjustments to maintenance practices to satisfy budget requirements and address environmental concerns. This has resulted in reduced mowing frequency in some golf course rough and out-of-play turf areas, and has allowed establishment of broadleaf weed species such as American burnweed which would otherwise be controlled by frequent mowing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PRE and POST herbicide treatments for American burnweed control in an unmown bermudagrass golf course rough. Single PRE applications of simazine at 2.24 kg ai ha−1and indaziflam at 0.06 kg ai ha−1provided > 80% American burnweed control 24 wk after treatment (WAT) in 2012 and 2013. Sequential combination applications of liquid formulations of dimethenamid-p + pendimethalin (2.24 + 1.68 kg ai ha−1) provided 95% American burnweed control 24 wk after initial treatment in 2012 and 2013. Other PRE treatments did not provide consistent control of American burnweed across rating dates and years. Regardless of year, four POST treatments provided ≥ 87% control at 8 and 16 WAT. These included thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron (0.02 + 0.044 + 0.07 kg ai ha−1), thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba (0.02 + 0.15 + 0.005 kg ai ha−1), triclopyr + clopyralid (0.88 + 0.32 kg ai ha−1), and sulfentrazone + metsulfuron (0.4 + 0.04 kg ai ha−1). Several PRE and POST American burnweed control solutions exist for low maintenance bermudagrass areas. Future research should continue to screen other herbicides for control efficacy and focus on application timing to balance season-long control with minimal chemical inputs.

Eficácia de herbicidas isolados e em associações no controle em pós‑emergência de plantas daninhas

“…O herbicida halosulfuron apresenta registro, no Brasil, para controle de Cyperus sp., na dose de 112,5 g ha -1 i.a., na cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Rodrigues e Almeida, 2011). A aplicação deste herbicida, isolado ou em associações, também é relatada como eficaz no controle de outras plantas, tais como Erechtites hieraciifolia (Atkinson et al, 2014), Armoracia rusticana (Johanning et al, 2016), Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus e Ambrosia artemissifolia (Li et al, 2016).…”

Susceptibility of American burnweed (Erechtities hieraciifolius) to herbicides and clipping in wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

“…Many growers, however, report lack of burnweed control in wild blueberry fields following standard hexazinone applications. Reasons for this are unclear, especially given that the triazine herbicide simazine provides acceptable burnweed control in bermudagrass turf (Atkinson et al 2014), indicating general susceptibility of burnweed to this group of herbicides. Growers, however, do not observe burnweed in fields until late June or early July.…”

“…Foramsulfuron also controlled burnweed in bermudagrass turf (Atkinson et al 2014), though the herbicide was applied in a tank mixture with thiencarbazone and halosulfuron. Flumioxazin, glufosinate, clopyralid, glyphosate, tribenuron methyl, and nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron also provided good control of burnweed at the application rates and timing evaluated (Table 1) There was a significant effect of herbicide treatment on American burnweed visual injury ratings in the spot application experiment at all rating dates (Table 2).…”

“…Removal of 25, 50, and 75% of aboveground burnweed stems with clipping increased lateral branch number relative to untreated control plants, and 100% removal of the aboveground stem was required to prevent 1983;Levin 1966), particularly following fire (Hutchinson et al 2004). It occurs as a weed in forestry (Nelson et al 1981), turfgrass (Atkinson et al 2014), cranberry (Skroch and Dana 1965), and several agronomic crops (Darbyshire et al 2012). First reported as a weed in wild blueberry fields in Maine (D. Yarborough, personal communication), the plant has since been observed in fields in Atlantic Canada (Anonymous 2017a) and appears to be increasing in abundance.…”

“…The plant is susceptible to postemergence applications of mesotrione (Anonymous 2017b) and clopyralid (D. Yarborough, personal communication), though many blueberry growers report poor control of this weed species with mesotrione in wild blueberry fields in Nova Scotia. Sulfonylurea and triazine herbicides, which are important herbicides in wild blueberry production, provide postemergence and preemergence control of burnweed, respectively, in turfgrass (Atkinson et al 2014). Research on susceptibility of this species to similar herbicides in Canada, however, is limited (Darbyshire et al 2012), and knowledge of susceptibility to several common herbicides used in wild blueberry is lacking.…”