Control of a Stand-Alone Variable Speed Wind Energy  Supply System

Hussein, Mahmoud M.; Senjyu, Tomonobu; Orabi, Mohamed; Wahab, Mohd Nadhir Ab; Hamada, Mohamed M.

doi:10.3390/app3020437

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The captured kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by the help of an electro mechanical subsystems, which is a generator. Finally, the electrical subsystems adapt the energy and pushes into the grid [5]. In the first stage of the conversion, the wind turbines mechanical subsystems control the yaw angle of the turbine which follows the wind direction, to make the blades face the incoming wind as much as possible.…”

Section: Wind Turbine Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Wind Energy Conversion Using Axial Flux Generator

Al‐Bahadly¹,

Neppalli²

2019

JPEE

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This paper investigates the application of the axial flux machine (AFM) to the wind energy conversion systems (WECS) to obtain high power and torque at reduced cost. By developing mathematical equations using the phase and active transformations, the three-phase model is transformed to two-phase equations by making both the stator and rotor as reference frames, finally converting to arbitrary reference frame, which is useful for the modelling of the axial flux machine. The torque, current, and voltage equations are expressed to improve the simulation reliability. Based on the developed equations, the mathematical model for the axial flux machine is developed using the MATLAB/Simulink. Starting with the axial flux motor model, when the load on the motor increases, how the parameters like torque, current, and speed of the motor vary are explored in this paper. Then for the axial flux generator model, when the wind speed exceeds the rated speed how the torque, line voltages, currents, power and speed of the generator behave are investigated and presented in this paper. The developed model in this paper could be extended to a twin-rotor axial flux synchronous machine, which will lead to the development of more efficient WECS.Conversion System (WECS) plays a prominent role. WECS is the only renewable energy resource which can be placed and developed around the globe due to its main advantage of using the wind energy for the generation of power [1] which is abundant in many parts of the world. From the starting stages of WECS to the present developed technology, many types of generators are used for the power production and every generator is replaced by the other due to the disadvantages that are shown by the generators after using them for a quite long time and problems that are showcased by the generators cannot be solved and for the solution, the researchers are opting for the other model which is not having the problems that are witnessed with the older one. The present and latest generator model for the conversion process is Axial flux synchronous generator which possess more advantages and less disadvantages when compared to the other generator models that are previously used for the generation of the power from wind energy. For many years, the onshore wind farms are having more grip over the power generation from the wind energy, but these days, the offshore wind farms growth has increased rapidly due to the main advantage of having more wind speed in the middle of the water filled areas and with this more speed, the amount of power generated from the turbine is more because from the turbine and wind speed relation we know that, the mechanical power which is produced from the wind energy is directly proportional to the cube of the wind speed; when there is slight increase in wind speed it results in producing more energy from the turbine. The more the wind energy, the amount of power generated will also be more unless until there is no sudden change in the speed of the wind. In general, the wind speed will be l...

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Section: Wind Turbine Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Wind Energy Conversion Using Axial Flux Generator

Al‐Bahadly¹,

Neppalli²

2019

JPEE

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“…In stand-alone systems composed only by wind generation units, the grid-side converter of the wind units usually controls the system frequency [13]. However, the stand-alone operation of wind units commonly requires the use of DC devices, such as battery bank and ultra-capacitor associated with DC-DC converter, to control the DC-link voltage [13][14][15][16]. In [17], for example, the DC-link voltage of an inverter-based distributed generation is controlled by an ultra-capacitor bank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Approach and Supplementary Controllers for a Stand-Alone System with Predominance of Wind Generation

2018

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This paper proposes a control approach and supplementary controllers for the operation of a hybrid stand-alone system composed of a wind generation unit and a conventional generation unit based on synchronous generator (CGU). The proposed controllers allow the islanded or isolated operation of small power systems with predominance of wind generation. As an advantage and a paradigm shift, the DC-link voltage of the wind unit is controlled by means of a conventional synchronous generator connected to the AC grid of the system. Two supplementary controllers, added to a diesel generator (DIG) and to a DC dump load (DL), are proposed to control the DC-link voltage. The wind generation unit operates in V-f control mode and the DIG operates in PQ control mode, which allows the stand-alone system to operate either in wind-diesel (WD) mode or in wind-only (WO) mode. The strong influence of the wind turbine speed variations in the DC-link voltage is mitigated by a low-pass filter added to the speed control loop of the wind turbine. The proposed control approach does not require the use battery bank and ultra-capacitor to control the DC-link voltage in wind generation units based on fully rated converter.

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“…Even though there has been significant growth in integrating wind energy into power grids, there are still issues in the design of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). One of the most common problems that face researchers when dealing with wind system is the difficulty of obtaining a direct measurement of wind speed due to wind speed variations at different points over the blades swept area [10,11]. Mechanical sensors can be used to overcome this obstacle, but this will increase the cost of both equipment and maintenance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptotic Output Tracked Artificial Immunity Controller for Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generator

et al. 2018

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This paper aims to design a controller for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) targeting the Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (EMPPT) for environmental aspects. The proposed controller consists of two clusters, which are the novel Artificial Immunity sensorless Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking (AI EMPPT) and the asymptotic non-linear control techniques. The main target of the AI EMPPT is to reduce the carbon dioxide emission by generating the maximum possible power from the renewable electrical energy resource, which is wind electrical power generation to replace the fossil-fuel conventional generation. To build the AI EMPPT, an Artificial Immunity System Estimator (AISE) based on artificial immunity technique and a Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) are used to estimate the DFIG rotor speed. Then, the AI EMPPT is applied to provide the reference electromagnetic torque signal. Subsequently, the reference electromagnetic torque interacts with the estimated generator speed, determined by the wind mechanical power, to supply the wind electrical power. The second cluster is the asymptotic non-linear control technique which proposes the reference signal tracking of the rotor direct and quadratic current, respectively. Thus, assigning specific zeros through feedback ensures the reproduction of an output that converges asymptotically to a required reference rotor current. For online operation, the Artificial Immunity Technique (AIT) is utilized to deal with the generated control reference signal. A proposal hardware implementation on Field Programmed Gate Array (FPGA) is also presented. The introduced approach was applied to a wind turbine generator driving a 3.7 kW load. MATLAB program was used to simulate and test the performance of the proposed control methods. The results to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The reduction in CO 2 emission was calculated.

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Control of a Stand-Alone Variable Speed Wind Energy Supply System

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Enhancement of Wind Energy Conversion Using Axial Flux Generator

Enhancement of Wind Energy Conversion Using Axial Flux Generator

A Control Approach and Supplementary Controllers for a Stand-Alone System with Predominance of Wind Generation

Asymptotic Output Tracked Artificial Immunity Controller for Eco-Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generator

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