Control of a series-input, parallel-output cell balancing system for electric vehicle battery packs

Rehman, Muhammad Muneeb Ur; Zhang, Fan; Evzelman, Michael; Zane, Regan; Maksimović, Dragan

doi:10.1109/compel.2015.7236506

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The isolated converter balancing circuit is based on the use of isolated DC-DC converters and can have various topologies, like with multi-winding transformer [6,12,14,18], multiple transformers [12,18], and single switched transformer. Figure 1b shows an example of an isolated converter [19,20]. The non-isolated converter balancing circuits are based on non-isolated DC-DC converters such as the buck, boost, buck-boost [18], or Cuk [14,18].…”

Section: Balancing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

et al. 2017

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Among the wide diversity of existing technologically mature batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have become popular because of their longevity, high energy density, high efficiency and lack of memory effect. Differential charging of cells with age has turned balancing management systems into an important research subject. This paper proposes a new battery management system (BMS) to improve the capacity usage and lifespan of large Li-ion battery packs and a new charging algorithm based on the traditional multistage method. The main advantages of the proposed system are its versatility and ability to implement different charging and balancing methods in a very accessible way. The combination of charging methods with balancing methods represents an evolution when compared with other works in the literature.

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Section: Balancing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

et al. 2017

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“…For example, in cell-bypass active methods, implemented either via shunt resistor or shunt transistor method [18], the current of each cell is bypassed whenever the cell voltage reaches the admissible upper limit by means of a switch in series with a resistor or a transistor, respectively. In the cell-to-cell methods, in the form of, for example, bypass DC/DC converters [19], the extra energy stored in the most charged cells is transferred to the least charged cells. Alternatively, balancing and complete cell-bypassing can be achieved by a module-integrated distributed battery system architecture [20], wherein each cell in the module is individually managed by the modular converter without the need for equalization circuits.…”

Section: A Motivation and Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When dealing with battery modules accounting for the intrinsic hetereogeneity among the cells in terms of charge, temperature and SOH is key. In particular, in this work battery health is defined both in terms of Q and R sei , both dependent on L sei as seen from ( 7) and (19). To model cells suffering from SOH imbalances, selection of different initial conditions for L sei is made.…”

Section: Optimal Control Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending life of Lithium-ion battery systems by embracing heterogeneities via an optimal control-based active balancing strategy

Azimi¹,

Allam²,

Onori³

2022

Preprint

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This paper develops a multi-objective fast charging-minimum degradation optimal control problem (OCP) for lithium-ion battery modules, made of series-connected cells, subject to heterogeneity induced by manufacturing defects and non uniform operating conditions, realized via an active balancing circuitry. Each cell is expressed via a coupled nonlinear electrochemical, thermal, and aging model and the direct collocation approach is employed to transcribe the OCP into a nonlinear programming problem (NLP). The proposed OCP is formulated under two different schemes of charging operation: (i) same-charging-time (OCP-SCT) and (ii) differentcharging-time (OCP-DCT). The former assumes simultaneous charging of all cells irrespective of their initial conditions, whereas the latter allows for different charging times of the cells to account for heterogeneous initial conditions. Simulations on an illustrative case study-a battery module with two seriesconnected cells-are carried out in the presence of intrinsic hetereogeneity among the cells in terms of state of charge and state of health. Results show that the OCP-DCT scheme provides more flexibility to deal with heterogeneity, boasting of lower temperature increase, charging current amplitudes, and degradation. Finally, comparison with the common practice of constant current (CC) charging over a long-term cycling operation shows that promising savings, in terms of retained capacity, are attainable under the new control.

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“…The active balancing architectures include variety of topologies such as switched-capacitor converters [10]- [12], isolated and non-isolated unidirectional and bidirectional DC-DC converters [13]- [24], and multi-winding transformer-based converters [25]- [27]. The main challenges of the active solutions often relate to implementation issues such as high component count and complex control algorithms [28], [29]. In addition, increasing the balancing speed is traded for quiescent power loss, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZCS resonant converter based parallel balancing of serially connected batteries string

Zeltser

Kirshenboim

Dahan

et al. 2016

2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

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This paper introduces a new topology for parallel balancing of serially connected batteries string. The main advantage of the balancing concept is that energy is transferred only when the cells are unbalanced. As a result, the power losses are significantly reduced since no current circulates through the system when balanced. This has been enabled by a modification of an isolated series-resonant converter operating in DCM and features zero current switching (ZCS). Another attractive feature is that one transformer for two cells is used, as opposed to conventional isolated topologies that require a transformer per cell. The realization is simple and requires simple current polarity detector. Experimental results have been obtained by a prototype of two series connected batteries, which demonstrates the balancing capabilities of the system.

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Control of a series-input, parallel-output cell balancing system for electric vehicle battery packs

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

Management System for Large Li-Ion Battery Packs with a New Adaptive Multistage Charging Method

Extending life of Lithium-ion battery systems by embracing heterogeneities via an optimal control-based active balancing strategy

ZCS resonant converter based parallel balancing of serially connected batteries string

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