“…However, their intermittency, randomness, and unpredictability would severely jeopardize the stability and safety of the power systems. The conventional centralized automatic generation control (AGC) (Yu et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2014;Li et al, 2021a;Li et al, 2021b;Xie et al, 2022) aimed to only minimize the area control error (ACE) to output the total regulation power demands, which cannot achieve fast inter-area coordination in such a new type of power systems. Hence, centralized AGC cannot deal with the continuous declination in the control performance standards (CPS), such as system frequency and ACE, due to strong random disturbances.…”