Control and Restrictions of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System Connected to the Grid: A Battery and Supercapacitor Storage Case

Abstract

This paper studies a Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a reliable source of the power supply in the case of the connection to the grid. The grid connection imposes restrictions to the power delivered and harmonic content on the HRES. This causes the HRES to use multiple control systems and subsystems, as the normalization of the measurements, the current control, active harmonic compensation, synchronization, etc., described in this paper. Particular attention was paid to interactions in the storage system of the HRES. The durability of the HRES can be increased by the combination of the supercapacitors and batteries. This requires a power management solution for controlling the energy storage system. The aim of the supercapacitors is to absorb/inject the high-frequency fluctuations of the power and to smooth out the power of the batteries system of the HRES. This can be possible owing to the use of a low-pass second order filter, explained in this paper, which separates the high-frequency component of the storage system reference for the supercapacitor from the low-frequency component for the batteries system. This solution greatly increases the reliability and durability of the HRES.

An intelligent technique for optimal power quality reinforcement in a grid‐connected HRES system: EVORFA technique

“…Arkhangelski et al 26 have suggested a HRES as reliable source of the power supply in the case of grid connection. The hybrid renewable energy source durability was increased by the consolidation of super‐capacitors and batteries.…”

Monitoring System for Tracking a PV Generator in an Experimental Smart Microgrid: An Open-Source Solution

“…With regard to energy storage in SGs and SMGs, in the short term it is common to use batteries [6] or supercapacitors [7]. On the other hand, hydrogen constitutes an energy carrier noted for long-term storage to support renewable energies [8][9][10].…”

PV Energy Generation and IoT Power Consumption for Telecom Networks in Remote Areas

“…Additionally, interface devices for PV systems used in RTNs should be single-stage inverters with buck-boost ability (required for proper maximum power point -MPP-of PV panels) in voltages below those of grids, to avoid needs for additional DC-DC converters [34]. There is a tendency to integrate PV/Wind HRES grids with MPP control algorithms and operation of the inverter using Fuzzy logic based controller, as Amir et al [35] proposed, and Arkhangelski et al [36] reported to control current and improve power quality (PQ). For PQ improvement and stability, however, Muthukumar et al [37] developed a "three-level inverter" architecture that improves the power factor of the developed system [38].…”