Contributions to the systematics of the southern fur seals, with particular reference to the Juan Fernández and Guadalupe species

Repenning, Charles A.; Peterson, Richard S.; Hubbs, Carl L.

doi:10.1029/ar018p0001

Cited by 105 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, when this variable was considered in correlation with the others, it made a significant contribution to the discrimination between species, as shown by the standardized coefficients of the discriminant analysis as well as by the PCA combined for both species. In relation to this character, it is worth mentioning that the rostrum of A. gazella was described by REPENNING et al (1971) as distinctively broad and rather short while that of A. australis is moderately long . Additionally, we observed that A. gazella presents a wider palate than A. australis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study these same characters, together with palatal width at postcanine 3, were also excluded from multivariate analysis because of their high CVs with the exception of rostral length, which presented a CV<5%. REPENNING et al (1971) stated that, despite the great individual variation in skull measurements, postcanine teeth probably provided the easiest key to the identification of fur seal species. According to these authors the teeth of A. australis present either prominent anterior and posterior cusps or a single main cusp with a suggestion of an anterior accessory cusp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same author, after comparing DANERI et al measurements and proportions of two skulls of Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866) and one of A. townsendi, concluded that these species are very similar to each other and should be synonymized under the name A. philippii, wich has priority. However, REPENNING et al (1971) recognized the Galapagos fur seal as a full species, Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller, 1904, and also proposed the specific separation of the Juan Fernandez and Guadalupe fur seals as A. philippii and A. townsendi respectively. To the present, skull morphometric studies within and among fur seal species based on a relatively large number of specimens and employing multivariate analysis techniques have been scarce (e. g. BRUNNER, 1998a;KERLEY & ROBINSON, 1987;OLIVEIRA et al, 1999;KERLEY et al, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…REPENNING et al (1971) stated that several species of Arctocephalus were distinguishable on the basis of suites of cranial measurements and considered that skull length, rostral length, nasal length, height of forehead and width of palate between postcanines were most useful for their identification. Additionally, tooth size and pattern were also found to be important characters for distinguishing species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polytipic genus Arctocephalus comprises eight species of fur seals which are mainly distributed in the southern hemisphere with the exception of the Guadalupe fur seal, A. townsendi Merriam, 1897, which is known from Isla Guadalupe, Mexico (29° N) and nearby islands (REPENNING et al, 1971). Of the southern species, three are partially distributed in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, i.e., the South American fur seal, A. australis (Zimmermann, 1783), the Subantarctic fur seal, A. tropicalis (Gray, 1872) and the Antarctic fur seal, A. gazella (Peters, 1875) (KING, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Skull morphometrics of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, and South American fur seal A. australis

Daneri

Esponda²,

Santis³

et al. 2005

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. The skull morphometrics of adult male Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875) and South American fur seal, A. australis (Zimmermann, 1783) were investigated using a collection of 45 and 38 skulls, respectively. Eighteen measurements were taken for each specimen. Comparative univariate and multivariate statistical analyses included standard statistics, one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis. Individual variation was relatively high for some variables, as expressed by the coefficient of variation. Skulls of A. gazella were larger than those of A. australis for all but two variables: squamosal jugal suture and rostral length. Both species differed significantly as shown by both univariate and multivariate analyses. The discriminant function correctly classified all specimens. The standardized canonical coefficients showed that the variables which most contribute to the differentiation between species were, in decreasing order, the rostral length, palatal length, palatal width at postcanine 5 and braincase width. The present study corroborates that A. gazella and A. australis are phenotipically distinct species.KEYWORDS. Arctocephalus, Otariidae, cranial characteristics. (Zimmermann, 1783), consultando una colección de 45 y 38 cráneos respectivamente. Para cada ejemplar se tomó un total de 18 medidas. El análisis comparativo univariado y multivariado incluyó estadística standard, análisis de varianza, análisis de componentes principales y análisis discriminante. La variación individual, según lo expresado por el coeficiente de variación, fue relativamente alta para algunas variables. Los cráneos de A. gazella fueron proporcionalmente más grandes que aquellos de A. australis para todas las variables estudiadas, excepto dos: longitud de la sutura escamoso-yugal y longitud rostral. Tanto el análisis uni como mutivariado indicaron que ambas especies difieren significativamente. La función discriminante clasificó correctamente a todos los especímenes estudiados. Los coeficientes canónicos estandarizados revelaron que las variables que más contribuyeron a la diferenciación entre las especies fueron, en orden decreciente, la longitud rostral, longitud palatal, ancho palatal a nivel del postcanino 5 y ancho de la caja craneana. El presente estudio corrobora que A. gazella y A. australis son claramente especies fenotípicamente distintas. PALABRAS-CLAVE.Arctocephalus, Otariidae, características craneanas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skull morphometrics of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, and South American fur seal A. australis

Daneri

Esponda²,

Santis³

et al. 2005

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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Functional Implications of Variation in Tooth Spacing and Crown Size in Pinnipedimorpha (Mammalia: Carnivora)

Churchill

Clementz

2015

The Anatomical Record

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Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) show variation in tooth morphology that relates to ecology. However, crown size and spacing are two aspects of morphology that have not been quantified in prior studies. We measured these characters for nearly all extant pinnipeds and three fossil taxa and then determined the principal sources of variation in tooth size and spacing using principal components (PCAs) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA and HCA showed that species sorted into three groups: taxa with small crowns and large diastemata, taxa with large crowns and small diastemata, and taxa that fell between these two extremes. We then performed discriminant function analysis (DFA) to determine if tooth morphology correlated with foraging strategy or diet. DFA results indicated weak correlation with diet, and stronger correlation with prey capture strategies. Tooth size and spacing were most strongly correlated with the importance of teeth in prey acquisition, with tooth size decreasing and tooth spacing increasing as teeth become less necessary in capturing food items. Taxa which relied on teeth for filtering prey from the water column or processing larger or tougher food items generally had larger crowns and smaller tooth spacing then taxa which swallowed prey whole. We found the fossil taxa Desmatophoca and Enaliarctos were most similar in tooth morphology to extant otariids, suggesting that both taxa were generalist feeders. This study established the relationship between tooth size and feeding behavior, and provides a new tool to explore the paleoecology of fossil pinnipeds and other aquatic tetrapods. Anat Rec, 298:878-902, 2015. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Early Holocene Bone Technology at the La Olla 1 Site, Atlantic Coast of the Argentine Pampas

Johnson

Politis

Gutiérrez

2000

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Contributions to the systematics of the southern fur seals, with particular reference to the Juan Fernández and Guadalupe species

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Skull morphometrics of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, and South American fur seal A. australis

Skull morphometrics of adult male Antartic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, and South American fur seal A. australis

Functional Implications of Variation in Tooth Spacing and Crown Size in Pinnipedimorpha (Mammalia: Carnivora)

Early Holocene Bone Technology at the La Olla 1 Site, Atlantic Coast of the Argentine Pampas

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