Contributions of Indirect Pathways to Visual Response Properties in Macaque Middle Temporal Area MT

Ponce, Carlos R.; Hunter, J. Nicholas; Pack, Christopher C.; Lomber, Stephen G.; Born, Richard T.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5362-10.2011

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Reversible inactivation of V2 and V3 affects binocular disparity but not the direction selectivity of MT neurons (Ponce et al, 2008(Ponce et al, , 2011. Furthermore, previous studies have shown that Figure 11.…”

Section: The Possible Functional Role For V2 Direction Domainsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Distinct Functional Organizations for Processing Different Motion Signals in V1, V2, and V4 of Macaque

Gong

Qian

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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Motion perception is qualitatively invariant across different objects and forms, namely, the same motion information can be conveyed by many different physical carriers, and it requires the processing of motion signals consisting of direction, speed, and axis or trajectory of motion defined by a moving object. Compared with the representation of orientation, the cortical processing of these different motion signals within the early ventral visual pathway of the primate remains poorly understood. Using drifting full-field noise stimuli and intrinsic optical imaging, along with cytochrome-oxidase staining, we found that the orientation domains in macaque V1, V2, and V4 that processed orientation signals also served to process motion signals associated with the axis and speed of motion. In contrast, direction domains within the thick stripes of V2 demonstrated preferences that were independent of motion speed. The population responses encoding the orientation and motion axis could be precisely reproduced by a spatiotemporal energy model. Thus, our observation of orientation domains with dual functions in V1, V2, and V4 directly support the notion that the linear representation of the temporal series of retinotopic activations may serve as another motion processing strategy in primate ventral visual pathway, contributing directly to fine form and motion analysis. Our findings further reveal that different types of motion information are differentially processed in parallel and segregated compartments within primate early visual cortices, before these motion features are fully combined in high-tier visual areas.

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Section: The Possible Functional Role For V2 Direction Domainsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Distinct Functional Organizations for Processing Different Motion Signals in V1, V2, and V4 of Macaque

Gong

Qian

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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“…It is currently unknown whether similar selectivity appears in earlier stages of visual processing, such as V1, V2 and V3, that provide substantial inputs to MT [44,45].…”

Section: Neural Correlates Of Depth Perception From Motion Parallaxmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural basis of depth perception from motion parallax

Kim

Angelaki

DeAngelis

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'. In addition to depth cues afforded by binocular vision, the brain processes relative motion signals to perceive depth. When an observer translates relative to their visual environment, the relative motion of objects at different distances (motion parallax) provides a powerful cue to three-dimensional scene structure. Although perception of depth based on motion parallax has been studied extensively in humans, relatively little is known regarding the neural basis of this visual capability. We review recent advances in elucidating the neural mechanisms for representing depth-sign (near versus far) from motion parallax. We examine a potential neural substrate in the middle temporal visual area for depth perception based on motion parallax, and we explore the nature of the signals that provide critical inputs for disambiguating depth-sign.This article is part of the themed issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'.

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“…To avoid the issue of long-term plasticity, we used reversible cortical cooling to deactivate inputs to PIT. We have previously used this technique to show transient impairments in MT neuronal tuning for binocular disparity and speed tuning during V2͉3 cooling (Ponce et al, 2008(Ponce et al, , 2011. In this study, we recorded from unbiased samples of PIT neurons while deactivating areas V2-V3 (together) or V4 (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex Cells Use Multiple Input Pathways for Shape Encoding

2017

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In the macaque monkey brain, posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex cells contribute to visual object recognition. They receive concurrent inputs from visual areas V4, V3, and V2. We asked how these different anatomical pathways shape PIT response properties by deactivating them while monitoring PIT activity in two male macaques. We found that cooling of V4 or V2͉3 did not lead to consistent changes in population excitatory drive; however, population pattern analyses showed that V4-based pathways were more important than V2͉3-based pathways. We did not find any image features that predicted decoding accuracy differences between both interventions. Using the HMAX hierarchical model of visual recognition, we found that different groups of simulated "PIT" units with different input histories (lacking "V2͉3" or "V4" input) allowed for comparable levels of object-decoding performance and that removing a large fraction of "PIT" activity resulted in similar drops in performance as in the cooling experiments. We conclude that distinct input pathways to PIT relay similar types of shape information, with V1-dependent V4 cells providing more quantitatively useful information for overall encoding than cells in V2 projecting directly to PIT.

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Contributions of Indirect Pathways to Visual Response Properties in Macaque Middle Temporal Area MT

Cited by 27 publications

References 72 publications

Distinct Functional Organizations for Processing Different Motion Signals in V1, V2, and V4 of Macaque

Distinct Functional Organizations for Processing Different Motion Signals in V1, V2, and V4 of Macaque

The neural basis of depth perception from motion parallax

Posterior Inferotemporal Cortex Cells Use Multiple Input Pathways for Shape Encoding

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