Contributions of Hydrology to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Emergence in the Western USA

Elias, Emile; McVey, D. Scott; Peters, Debra P. C.; Derner, Justin D.; Pelzel‐McCluskey, Angela M.; Schrader, Tim; Rodrı́guez, Luis L.

doi:10.1007/s10021-018-0278-5

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…While there is substantial, albeit circumstantial, evidence that epizootics of VSV are initiated by vector-borne transmission, the generalist nature of the virus in arthropods has made it difficult to pinpoint vector species that play a major role in the initiation and maintenance of VSV epizootics in the western US. Insect vectors are believed be important for transmission because: (i) VSV outbreaks generally occur along waterways that provide habitat for vectors [14], (ii) disease presence is reduced on premises that utilize insect control measures [15], (iii) VSV epizootics in the endemic region are correlated with onset of precipitation and high abundance of vectors [16], (iv) virus-infected vectors are found in VS affected premises and (v) in the US, cases generally cease in the winter when vector populations die off, and can re-emerge in the late spring when vector populations increase in abundance [8,11]. Multiple methods for detecting virus or viral genome have been used to identify vectors potentially involved in the VSV transmission cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

et al. 2021

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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) emerges periodically from its focus of endemic transmission in southern Mexico to cause epizootics in livestock in the US. The ecology of VSV involves a diverse, but largely undefined, repertoire of potential reservoir hosts and invertebrate vectors. As part of a larger program to decipher VSV transmission, we conducted a study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of Simulium black flies, a known vector of VSV, along the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico, USA from March to December 2020. Serendipitously, the index case of VSV-Indiana (VSIV) in the USA in 2020 occurred at a central point of our study. Black flies appeared soon after the release of the Rio Grande’s water from an upstream dam in March 2020. Two-month and one-year lagged precipitation, maximum temperature, and vegetation greenness, measured as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were associated with increased black fly abundance. We detected VSIV RNA in 11 pools comprising five black fly species using rRT-PCR; five pools yielded a VSIV sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of VSV in the western US from vectors that were not collected on premises with infected domestic animals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VSIV strain introduced in 2019 spread broadly across the mountain west, including NM [36]. The majority of VS cases in NM have been reported near the Rio Grande, the major waterway of this relatively arid state [14], suggesting transmission is driven by a vector that requires moving water for development, such as black flies [14,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

et al. 2021

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“…Observational, landscape scale studies conducted during outbreaks or retrospectively have identified environmental factors associated with livestock premises housing infected animals including distance of animals to various water body types, access to pasture, precipitation, and others (Hurd et al, 1999;McCluskey et al, 2003). For example, Elias et al (2018) investigated the contributions of hydrological factors on the emergence of VSV in the western United States. Their results indicated that vesicular stomatitis positive premises were detected near stream networks.…”

Section: Case Study: Vesicular Stomatitis (Vs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Early Detection of High-Consequence Pests and Pathogens

Bowers

Malayer

Martínez‐López

et al. 2022

Advances in Human Services and Public Health

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Surveillance is one of the core activities of national organizations responsible for human, animal, or plant health, with the goal of demonstrating the absence of infection or infestation, determining the presence or distribution of infection or infestation, and/or detecting as early as possible exotic or emerging pests and pathogens that may be harmful to agriculture and the environment. Surveillance is a tool to establish absence of the pest or pathogen, monitor trends, facilitate the mitigation and control of infection or infestation, provide data for use in risk analysis, substantiate the rationale for sanitary measures, and provide assurances to trading partners, producers, and the public. The type of surveillance applied depends on the objectives of the surveillance, the available data sources, resources, and the outputs needed to support decision-making.

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“…Having already identified patristic groups based on phylogenetic distances, the DAPC was used only to describe the environmental differences among those patristic groups and not to regroup or cluster samples. We identified 19 climate, hydrologic, host density, land surface, topographic, and soil variables based on recent VSV research (Elias et al 2019;Peters et al 2020) (Table 1) and then estimated the average posterior patristic group membership probability for each of the 53 VSV samples originating from the United States (i.e., US samples excluding singletons). Monthly climate data were obtained from the PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University (http:// prism.oregonstate.edu), and summed to provide the total precipitation for each season (mm), the standardized total precipitation for spring and fall, and the standardized maximum mean temperature for winter and fall.…”

Section: Environmental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA

et al. 2021

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Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that negatively impacts domestic livestock and wildlife hosts, and economically impacts both private animal owners and the commercial livestock industry. Previous phylogenetic studies, based on partial P gene sequences, suggested that outbreak cycles of the virus (VSV) exhibit a two-phase dynamic (i.e., incursion and expansion). A single viral lineage from endemic areas of Mexico introduced into the southern United States during an incursion year (2004), can overwinter, and then expand throughout the western United States during the subsequent spring and summer seasons (2005). Our objective was to build on this past research using full-length viral genomic sequences from Mexico and the United States from the same outbreak, and a large suite of geospatial data to identify the environmental factors that influence VSV evolution in the United States and potentially drive the incursion-expansion dynamics. Our phylogeographic analysis confirmed that a single VS New Jersey virus (VSNJV) lineage initiated the 2004 incursion year outbreak was subject to decreasing genetic divergence during the 2004-2006 outbreak cycle, and likely overwintered between the 2004-2006 outbreak seasons. However, rather than a simple geographic relationship, viral genetic sublineages or patristic groups identified as part of our study, were found to be associated with seasonally varying evaporative demand, soil moisture, and precipitation. Our results suggest a functional role for these environmental factors in shaping the evolution and ecology of VSNJV. We speculate a nexus to insect-vector switching and possible adaptation to local environmental conditions to help explain the observed incursion-expansion dynamic in the United States in the 2004-2006 outbreak. Our approach of linking the phylogeography of a virus with the ecology of insect vectors can be applied to other vector-borne diseases.

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Contributions of Hydrology to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Emergence in the Western USA

Cited by 15 publications

References 63 publications

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

Surveillance along the Rio Grande during the 2020 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak Reveals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of and Viral RNA Detection in Black Flies

Surveillance for Early Detection of High-Consequence Pests and Pathogens

Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA

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