Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to Global and Regional Sea Level Change

Leuliette, E. W.; Nerem, R. S.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.107

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…After the decade of 1970, the SLR rate at Cascais TG exhibited a constant increase, reaching the 2.1 mm/year in the century transition. This increase in SLR rate has continued and, based on the satellite altimetry data series, one can observe a global mean rate of 3.3 mm/year, from 1992 to 2016 [2,12], with a slight rate increase over the past years, mainly since 2007 ( Figure 3), denoting the beginning of an SLR accelerating process [13]. For the same period (1992-2016), a 3.1 mm/year rate was observed for the Cascais TG and a 3.0 mm/year rate for the North Atlantic MSL anomaly obtained by CNES data center.…”

Section: Sea Level Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The eustatic component of SLR is driven mainly by two forcing factors, the thermal expansion, due to the increase of ocean heat content (nowadays measured mainly by the ARGO float network, http://www.argo.net), and the ocean mass change, due to the melting of glacier and ice sheets and the discharge of land water reservoirs. Data collected by the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) mission satellites and by the ARGO float network, from 2005 onwards, have been used to quantify and validate these two forcing factors of eustatic SLR, showing a strong agreement with Topex/Poseidon and Jansen I & II satellite altimetry data series [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The additional extreme probability of 99% was included in the ensemble to represent the probability of the extreme limit scenarios of Greenland's and Antarctica's fast-flowing outlet glaciers [2,[5][6][7], due to possible positive feedbacks, amplification processes and ice shelves dynamics uncertainties, as well as, to consider a wider range of probability. Additionally, the possibility of greater global warming than expected [8] must also be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century

Antunes

2019

JMSE

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Based on the updated relative sea level rise rates, 21st-century projections are made for the west coast of Portugal Mainland. The mean sea level from Cascais tide gauge and North Atlantic satellite altimetry data have been analyzed. Through bootstrapping linear regression and polynomial adjustments, mean sea level time series were used to calculate different empirical projections for sea level rise, by estimating the initial velocity and its corresponding acceleration. The results are consistent with an accelerated sea level rise, showing evidence of a faster rise than previous century estimates. Based on different numerical methods of second order polynomial fitting, it is possible to build a set of projection models of relative sea level rise. Applying the same methods to regional sea level anomaly from satellite altimetry, additional projections are also built with good consistency. Both data sets, tide gauge and satellite altimetry data, enabled the development of an ensemble of projection models. The relative sea level rise projections are crucial for national coastal planning and management since extreme sea level scenarios can potentially cause erosion and flooding. Based on absolute vertical velocities obtained by integrating global sea level models, neo-tectonic studies, and permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) station time series, it is possible to transform relative into absolute sea level rise scenarios, and vice-versa, allowing the generation of absolute sea level rise projection curves and its comparison with already established global projections. The sea level rise observed at the Cascais tide gauge has always shown a significant correlation with global sea level rise observations, evidencing relatively low rates of vertical land velocity and residual synoptic regional dynamic effects. An ensemble of sea level projection models for the 21st century is proposed with its corresponding probability density function, both for relative and absolute sea level rise for the west coast of Portugal Mainland. A mean sea level rise of 1.14 m was obtained for the epoch of 2100, with a likely range of 95% of probability between 0.39 m and 1.89 m.

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Section: Sea Level Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century

Antunes

2019

JMSE

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“…In particular, salinity responds to terrestrial runoff (river discharge), sea ice melt and growth, surface freshwater forcing (precipitation and evaporation), and exchanges with subarctic oceans via oceanic transports through Arctic gateways [24]. The Arctic freshwater changes that are associated with salinity alter the horizontal and vertical density structure of seawater, thereby influencing regional oceanic processes with global consequences [25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential and Challenges of Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Sea Surface Salinity to Monitor Arctic Ocean Freshwater Changes

et al. 2018

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Sea surface salinity (SSS) links various components of the Arctic freshwater system. SSS responds to freshwater inputs from river discharge, sea ice change, precipitation and evaporation, and oceanic transport through the open straits of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. However, in situ SSS data in the Arctic Ocean are very sparse and insufficient to depict the large-scale variability to address the critical question of how climate variability and change affect the Arctic Ocean freshwater. The L-band microwave radiometer on board the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has been providing SSS measurements since April 2015, at approximately 60 km resolution with Arctic Ocean coverage in 1-2 days. With improved land/ice correction, the SMAP SSS algorithm that was developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is able to retrieve SSS in ice-free regions 35 km of the coast. SMAP observes a large-scale contrast in salinity between the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the Arctic Ocean, while retrievals within the Arctic Circle vary over time, depending on the sea ice coverage and river runoff. We assess the accuracy of SMAP SSS through comparative analysis with in situ salinity data collected by Argo floats, ships, gliders, and in field campaigns. Results derived from nearly 20,000 pairs of SMAP and in situ data North of 50 • N collocated within a 12.5-km radius and daily time window indicate a Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) less thañ 1 psu with a correlation coefficient of 0.82 and a near unity regression slope over the entire range of salinity. In contrast, the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) has a smaller RMSD with Argo. However, there are clear systematic biases in the HYCOM for salinity in the range of 25-30 psu, leading to a regression slope of about 0.5. In the region North of 65 • N, the number of collocated samples drops more than 70%, resulting in an RMSD of about 1.2 psu. SMAP SSS in the Kara Sea shows a consistent response to discharge anomalies from the Ob' and Yenisei rivers between 2015 and 2016, providing an assessment of runoff impact in a region where no in situ salinity data are available for validation. The Kara Sea SSS anomaly observed by SMAP is missing in the HYCOM SSS, which assimilates climatological runoffs without interannual changes. We explored the feasibility of using SMAP SSS to monitor the sea surface salinity variability at the major Arctic Ocean gateways. Results show that although the SMAP SSS is limited to about 1 psu accuracy, many large salinity changes are observable. This may lead to the potential application of satellite SSS in the Arctic monitoring system as a proxy of the upper ocean layer freshwater exchanges with subarctic oceans.

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“…Это связано с запуском в 2002 г. спутника последнего поколения GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment), который может измерять массу воды в океане, в ледниках и на суше. В результате УМО определяется внешне по очень простой формуле (Leuliette, Nerem, 2016): Оценим теперь роль горных ледников. На наш взгляд, зарубежные исследователи допускают принципиальную ошибку, рассматривая таяние горных ледников в качестве вклада в изменения УМО.…”

Section: генезис межгодовых колебаний уровня мирового океанаunclassified

Changes in the global sea level in the current century

Малинин¹,

Гордеева²,

Shevchuk³

2019

Sovr. Probl. DZZ Kosm.

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Статья посвящена изученности изменений уровня Мирового океана (УМО) в прошлом и настоящем, анализу генезиса его межгодовых колебаний, а также проекциям УМО на длительную (столетие) перспективу. Рассмотрены два подхода к генезису УМО. В зарубежных исследованиях используется уравнение баланса вод в гидросфере, согласно которому изменения УМО определяются соответствующими изменениями массы воды различных компонент криосферы и запасов поверхностных и подземных вод суши. Другой подход состоит в том, что оценка вкладов различных факторов осуществляется с использованием уравнения пресноводного баланса Мирового океана как сумма эвстатических и стерического факторов. Рассматриваются проекции УМО на конец столетия на основе климатических сценариев по проекту СMIP5. В связи с возможным резким потеплением климата обсуждаются вероятности экстремальных сценариев роста УМО до 2,5 м.

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Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to Global and Regional Sea Level Change

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century

Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century

The Potential and Challenges of Using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Sea Surface Salinity to Monitor Arctic Ocean Freshwater Changes

Changes in the global sea level in the current century

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