Contribution to the miniaturization of antennas: State of the art

Abstract

Nowadays, communications systems have become more mobile and personal, that means materials used must be as smaller as possible. Low weight reduced volume and low cost are some of the characteristics that must be accomplished in modern telecommunication equipment. It is well known that the antenna is one of the most important devices in the radiofrequency (RF) section. This element needs to perform effectively according to the necessities. To achieve low weight, small volume and low cost, the size needs to be reduced, but keeping the main characteristics. The size reduction of antennas can be made by several techniques according to the type of the element. In this study we will present the fundamental limitations of small antennas as a major constraint of antenna miniaturization, then we will discuss major techniques that have been reported in literature to reduce the size of an antenna. Feasibility, features, effects on the miniaturisation of antennas of each technique will be presented and discussed. At the end of this study we will give some examples of real systems that used antennas miniaturization techniques.

A novel quadband ultra miniaturized planar antenna with metallic vias and defected ground structure for portable devices

“…The antenna structures dedicated to being mounted inside such terminals must be designed with small volumetric size, specific shapes, and areas [12]. Several promising techniques have been reported in the literature meant to reduce the microstrip antenna's size [13,14,15]. These techniques include the defected ground structure [16,17,18] approach, which is also used for antenna performance enhancement [19], high permittivity material loading [13], slots or slits loading, metamaterials [20,21], shorting pins between the patch and the ground plane [22], use of partially shorted patch [23].…”

A miniaturized rectangular microstrip patch antenna with negative permeability unit cell metamaterial for the band 2.45 GHz

“…Nowadays, Compact telecom equipment such as smart phones, tablets,…wireless routers requires miniaturized antennas witch resonate at the appropriate frequency of the targeted telecom technology ( 2G,3G , … WiFi, RFID) and responding properly to the other performances of the antenna (gain, bandwidth…) Referring to literature in antenna design, there are several miniaturization approaches that was applied by researchers to patch antennas to reduce their size for conforming them to the body of the compact devices. Among these miniaturization techniques [1,2]: Material Loading, Reshaping Antenna Geometry (use of fractal structures, Adding Truncation: Slots, Notches, and Cuts), Shorting and Folding, Modification of the ground Plane and the use of metamaterials. In this paper, we aim to reduce a conventional microstrip patch by using the miniaturization metamaterial method.…”

A compact dual-band Dolly-shaped antenna with parasitic elements for automotive radar and 5G applications

“…As the core sensors of driver assistance systems, automotive radars can be broadly split into three categories: short range (SRR, up to a few 10 m) for parking aid, obstacle and pedestrian detection, medium-range (MRR, about 40-100 m) for cross-traffic alert and lane change assist, and long-range (LRR, up to 200 m or even 250 m) for Adaptive Cruise Control [16,17,18]. As for 5G antennas, automotive radar antennas require small size and depth for vehicle integration, high gain, and cost-effectiveness [19,20]. The antenna proposed in [21] employs MIMO technology for the development of automotive radar for adaptive cruise control (ACC) and automatic emergency braking (AEB) in Moreover, a 12 Â 8 antenna array designed at 24 GHz for automotive radar used for blind spot detection (BSD), Lane change assistance (LCA), and rear cross-traffic alert (RCTA) [22].…”