Contribution of Lead in Dust to Children's Blood Lead

Duggan, Michael

doi:10.2307/3429570

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Barltrop ( 1975) concluded that housedust Pb in a mine waste contaminated area (Derbyshire, UK) had a relatively low bioavailability, although Duggan (1983) re-interpreted the data and concluded that the PbB/housedust Pb slope derived falls within the range usually observed in other (e.g. smelter) areas.…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead contamination in smelting and mining environments and variations in chemical forms and bioavailability

Rieuwerts

Farago

1995

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead contamination in smelting and mining environments and variations in chemical forms and bioavailability

Rieuwerts

Farago

1995

Chemical Speciation & Bioavailability

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“…Brunekreefestimated that an increase ofaround 3 to 5 jig/dL for every 1 /m3 ofair lead occurred (13), but the majority of studies he reviewed did not control for confounding factors such as socioeconomic status. Duggan has estimated that blood lead levels in children may rise by as much as 5 jig/dL for every 1000 ppm lead in dust (14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Levels in South African Inner-City Children

Schirnding¹,

Bradshaw²,

Fuggle³

et al. 1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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Little is knuwn about chidkood lead absorption in Souffi Africa. In this study acrosssectional analytic survey wascarried out to determine the blood lead levels and associated risk factors for inner-city, rfst-grade schoolchildren. Blood lead analyses, hematological and anthropometric measurements were conducted, and a pretested questionnaire was administered to parents to identify risk factors forlead exposure. In a detled environmental study, daily air and dust samples were collected over a period of 1 year from several sites in the study area, contemporaneously with the blood and questionnaire surveys. Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric lead were determined.It was found that 13% ofmi,oed race children, but no whitechildren, had blood lead levels 2 25 ug/dL, the U.S. action klvel. Air lead levels averaged around 1 pg/n3, and dust lead levels ranged from 410 to3620 ppm. Environmental lead levels were significantly elevated near heavy trafic, where Environmental Protection Agency standards were exceeded mainly during winter months. Baselne osurewasof ae in i blood lead l s of childm attending sc in direct prximity to heavy taffic, where blood lead levels wereeevated iective ofother influening to. imary and secondary preventive measures are urgently needed in South Africa to reduce environmental lead exposure. At the time of the study, South Africa had one ofthe highest levels oflead in gasoline in the Western World, namely, 0.836 g/L.Although levels have subsequently been reduced, this is typical of the situation in many African countries today.

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“…Its effects on the local population, especially children, have been studied by several cross-sectional epidemiological studies (Drossos et al 1982;Benetou-Marantidou et al 1985;Nakos 1985;Hatzakis et al 1987;Maravelias et al 1989;Makropoulos et al 1991Makropoulos et al , 1992aKarourou et al 1997). Lead is the first toxic metal to receive so much attention, from ancient to modern times (Culbard et al 1983;Duggan 1983;Davies and Watt 1986;Davies 1987;Davies et al 1987Davies et al , 1990Brockhaus et al 1988;Laxen et al 1988;Mielke et al 2005;Miranda et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of lead in surface soil and house dust, Lavrion urban area, Attiki, Hellas

Demetriades

Ramsey

et al. 2010

Environ Geochem Health

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In the Lavrion urban area study, Hellas, a five-step sequential extraction method was applied on samples of 'soil' (n = 224), affected by long-term mining and metallurgical activities, and house dust (n = 127), for the purpose of studying the potential bioaccessibility of lead and other metals to humans. In this paper, the Pb concentrations in soil and house dust samples are discussed, together with those in rocks and children's blood. Lead is mainly associated with the carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides and residual fractions in soil and house dust. Considering the very low pH of gastric fluids (1-3), a high amount of metals, present in soil (810-152,000 mg/kg Pb) and house dust (418-18,600 mg/kg Pb), could be potentially bioaccessible. Consequently, children in the neighbourhoods with a large amount of metallurgical processing wastes have high blood-Pb concentrations (5.98-60.49 μg/100 ml; median 17.83 μg/100 ml; n = 235). It is concluded that the Lavrion urban and sub-urban environment is extremely hazardous to human health, and the Hellenic State authorities should urgently tackle this health-related hazard in order to improve the living conditions of local residents.

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Contribution of Lead in Dust to Children's Blood Lead

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Lead contamination in smelting and mining environments and variations in chemical forms and bioavailability

Lead contamination in smelting and mining environments and variations in chemical forms and bioavailability

Blood Lead Levels in South African Inner-City Children

Chemical speciation and bioaccessibility of lead in surface soil and house dust, Lavrion urban area, Attiki, Hellas

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