Contribution of foods prepared away from home to intakes of energy and nutrients of public health concern in adults: a systematic review

Wellard‐Cole, Lyndal; Davies, Alyse; Allman‐Farinelli, Margaret

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1887075

Cited by 48 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The findings from this study are consistent with the literature suggesting that increasing calories consumed from food eaten away from home may not be in the best interest for the population’s diet quality. A systematic review of the literature has shown that consumption of foods away from home is linked to increased intake of energy and nutrients of public health concern [ 39 ]. Additionally, increased frequency of eating at fast food restaurants is associated with less healthful eating habits [ 40 ] and with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

et al. 2021

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Diet quality in the United States is improving over time but remains poor. Food outlets influence diet quality and represent the environments in which individuals make choices about food purchases and intake. The objective of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) to evaluate the quality of foods consumed from the four major outlets where food is obtained—stores, full-service restaurants, quick-services restaurants, and schools—and to assess changes over time. This cross-sectional study used 24 h dietary recall data from eight cycles (2003–2004 to 2017–2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Linear trend estimation was used to test for changes in HEI scores over time, and balanced repeated replicate weighted linear regression was used to test for differences in total and component scores between types of food outlets. Overall, Americans are not consuming a mix of foods from any major category of food outlet that aligns with dietary guidelines. The total score for schools (65/100 points) and stores (62/100 points) was significantly higher than full-service (51/100 points) and quick-service (39/100 points) restaurants (p < 0.0001). HEI scores significantly improved over time for schools (p < 0.001), including an increase in whole grains from less than 1 point in 2003–2004 to 7 out of 10 points in 2017–2018. In 2017–2018, schools received the maximum score for total fruits, whole fruits, and dairy. Continued research on strategies for improving the quality of foods consumed from restaurants and stores is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

et al. 2021

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“…Almost 30% of younger generations (15-to-34 years) use these OFD platforms and have recently been identified as their main users [11]. Food prepared outside of home has recently been reported to be most consumed by young people compared to other age groups [12]. Young people have also been reported to spend just under $AUD 2000 per year on these foods [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunger for Home Delivery: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Complete Menus on an Online Food Delivery Platform in Australia

et al. 2021

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Online food delivery (OFD) platforms have changed how consumers purchase food prepared outside of home by capitalising on convenience and smartphone technology. Independent food outlets encompass a substantial proportion of partnering outlets, but their offerings’ nutritional quality is understudied. Little is also known as to how OFD platforms influence consumer choice. This study evaluated the nutritional quality and marketing attributes of offerings from independent takeaway outlets available on Sydney’s market-leading OFD platform (UberEats®). Complete menus and marketing attributes from 202 popular outlets were collected using web scraping. All 13841 menu items were classified into 38 food and beverage categories based on the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Of complete menus, 80.5% (11,139/13,841) were discretionary and 42.3% (5849/13,841) were discretionary cereal-based mixed meals, the largest of the 38 categories. Discretionary menu items were more likely to be categorised as most popular (OR: 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.2), accompanied by an image (OR: 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) and offered as a value bundle (OR: 6.5, 95% CI 4.8–8.9). Two of the three discretionary food categories were more expensive than their healthier Five Food Group counterparts (p < 0.02). The ubiquity of discretionary choices offered by independent takeaways and the marketing attributes employed by OFD platforms has implications for public health policy. Further research on the contribution of discretionary choices and marketing attributes to nutritional intakes is warranted.

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“…Finally, food available through online food delivery services is typically energy-dense and nutrient-poor [23,25]. Since consumption of such food has been associated with weight gain over time [26,27], it is plausible that greater online food outlet access is associated with living with a higher bodyweight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between online food outlet access and online food delivery service use amongst adults in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of linked data

et al. 2021

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Background Online food delivery services facilitate ‘online’ access to food outlets that typically sell energy-dense nutrient-poor food. Greater online food outlet access might be related to the use of this purchasing format and living with excess bodyweight, however, this is not known. We aimed to investigate the association between aspects of online food outlet access and online food delivery service use, and differences according to customer sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the association between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight. Methods In 2019, we used an automated data collection method to collect data on all food outlets in the UK registered with the leading online food delivery service Just Eat (n = 33,204). We linked this with contemporaneous data on food purchasing, bodyweight, and sociodemographic information collected through the International Food Policy Study (analytic sample n = 3067). We used adjusted binomial logistic, linear, and multinomial logistic regression models to examine associations. Results Adults in the UK had online access to a median of 85 food outlets (IQR: 34–181) and 85 unique types of cuisine (IQR: 64–108), and 15.1% reported online food delivery service use in the previous week. Those with the greatest number of accessible food outlets (quarter four, 182–879) had 71% greater odds of online food delivery service use (OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.68) compared to those with the least (quarter one, 0–34). This pattern was evident amongst adults with a university degree (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.85), adults aged between 18 and 29 years (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.59, 6.72), those living with children (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.01; 3.75), and females at each level of increased exposure. We found no association between the number of unique types of cuisine accessible online and online food delivery service use, or between the number of food outlets accessible online and bodyweight. Conclusions The number of food outlets accessible online is positively associated with online food delivery service use. Adults with the highest education, younger adults, those living with children, and females, were particularly susceptible to the greatest online food outlet access. Further research is required to investigate the possible health implications of online food delivery service use.

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Contribution of foods prepared away from home to intakes of energy and nutrients of public health concern in adults: a systematic review

Cited by 48 publications

References 70 publications

Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

Healthy Eating Index-2015 Scores Vary by Types of Food Outlets in the United States

Hunger for Home Delivery: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Nutritional Quality of Complete Menus on an Online Food Delivery Platform in Australia

Associations between online food outlet access and online food delivery service use amongst adults in the UK: a cross-sectional analysis of linked data

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