Contribution of canopy leaching to sulphate deposition in a Scots pine forest

Cape, J. N.; Sheppard, Lucy J.; Fowler, D.; Harrison, A. F.; Parkinson, John; Đào, Phạm Thị Bích; Paterson, I. S.

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(92)90044-b

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In experimental leaching studies with 35 S below Scots pine, leaching of SO 2− 4 has been shown to be only a minor part (3%) of NTF flux of sulphur (Cape et al, 1992). Ulrich (1983) has estimated the same magnitudes for S leaching from senescent beech leaves.…”

Section: Inactive Ions In Canopy (Namentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Throughfall method has been approved as a reasonable method of estimating total and dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants to forest landscapes (Cape et al, 1992;Draaijers et al, 1996;Ferm and Hultberg, 1999;Rothe et al, 2002). Dry deposition measurements are difficult and expensive (Hicks and Meyers, 1988), while tree canopies serve as a natural surface and filter for trapping atmospheric pollutants, entering into the ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Interactions of Atmospheric Deposition with Coniferous Canopies in Estonia

Pajuste

Frey

Asi³

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Throughfall and open field bulk precipitation were measured at three coniferous sites during 1995-2002 in the framework of ICP Integrated Monitoring and at five coniferous sites during 1996-2002 in the framework of ICP Forests (Level II). The coniferous canopies acted as a sink for nitrate and ammonium and as a source for base cations: Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and K(+). The estimated share of SO(4)-S dry deposition from total deposition was 1.5-4 times higher for dormant period compared to growing period. During the study period average annual throughfall and bulk deposition of SO(4)-S decreased significantly, 2.8 and 2.3 times, respectively. Throughfall enrichment with base cations increased in the order Mg < Na < Ca < K. Using Na as a tracer ion, average dry deposition and canopy leaching were calculated. Leaching was the dominant process for TF enrichment by potassium. Leaching of base cations occurred during growing as well as dormant period. The calculated internal flux of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) varied in the range of 0.6-2.0 and 0.6-1.2 kg ha(-1) per year in spruce and pine stands, respectively. The internal circulation of K(+) was significantly higher (8.9-10.9 kg ha(-1) per year) in spruce stands than in pine stands (2.7-4.4 kg ha(-1) per year).

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Section: Inactive Ions In Canopy (Namentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interactions of Atmospheric Deposition with Coniferous Canopies in Estonia

Pajuste

Frey

Asi³

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Berger et al (2008) study of a 65 years old spruce stand near Kreisbach (Austria) found a 129% relative increase of sulphur concentration under the crowns. Sulphate is a conservative anion which means it is neither taken up by canopy nor leached from the foliage (de Vries et al 2001;Balestrini et al 2007) or, more precisely said, the minor stomatal uptake of SO 2 is balanced by minute leaching of SO 4 2 -from needles (Cape et al 1992;Draaijers et al 1996). Th e increase of sulphate concentration in throughfall can be fully assigned to the washing of dry deposites accumulated on the canopy between precipitation events.…”

Section: Ion Concentrations In Bulk Precipitation and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation and throughfall in the mountain and highland spruce stands in the Czech Republic

Drápelová¹,

Menšík²,

Kulhavý³

et al. 2010

J. For. Sci.

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Concentrations and fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen compounds in bulk precipitation and in throughfall were evaluated and compared for two experimental sites in the Czech Republic: one situated at Rájec (Drahanská upland, 610 m a.s.l.) and the second one at Bílý Kříž (Moravian-Silesian Beskids, 908 m a.s.l.) both with similar stands of young Norway spruce. The three-year study performed during 2006-2008, revealed statistically significant differences in nitrate nitrogen concentrations in bulk precipitations and in ammonium nitrogen concentrations both in bulk precipitation and in throughfall between the two sites. Higher nitrogen compounds concentrations in bulk precipitation were found at Rájec. Differences between the two sites in sulphur concentrations were not found out neither in bulk precipitation nor in throughfall waters. Total sulphur deposition amounted to 8.

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“…The negative SO 4 2-fluxes are likely due to dry deposition onto leaf surfaces. Contributions to net sulphur concentration of throughfall from foliar leaching have been recorded to be as low as 3% (Cape et al 1992;Granat and Hallgren 1992;Veltkamp and Wyers 1997). Cl -showed significant negative net fluxes (Table 6) in 1995 but not in 1996.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As much as 90% of the H + in precipitation passing through a canopy can be absorbed by the leaves (Cappellato et al 1993 Houle et al 1999). Foliar leaching is usually minimal for SO 4 2-, Cl -, and Na + (Granat and Hallgren 1992;Cape et al 1992;Veltkamp and Wyers 1997). NO 3 -can be either absorbed or leached (Neary and Gizyn 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario

et al. 2003

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The impact of tree canopies on acid deposition was examined. Differences in the chemical composition of unintercepted precipitation (dustfall) and canopy was intercepted precipitation (throughfall) at 18 southern Ontario forests, collected during the summers of 1995-1996, were chemically analyzed. The methodology of collection and analysis validated using consistency checks for interception loss, maintenance of electrical neutrality and ion correlation. T-test analyses found throughfall fluxes of K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+, and NO 3 -were significantly higher than dustfall flux (p < 0.05), consistent with other studies. Barrie and nearby sites at Orillia and Bracebridge had larger dustfall depositions of base cations and Cl -suggesting a nearby source of these ions. T-tests revealed large exceedances of pH and sulphate concentration in dustfall over throughfall at the two Scarborough sites; a local point source of sulphates in the Greater Toronto Area was suspected.

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Contribution of canopy leaching to sulphate deposition in a Scots pine forest

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Interactions of Atmospheric Deposition with Coniferous Canopies in Estonia

Interactions of Atmospheric Deposition with Coniferous Canopies in Estonia

Sulphur and nitrogen concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation and throughfall in the mountain and highland spruce stands in the Czech Republic

Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario

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