Contrasting speech patterns in apraxia of speech and phonemic paraphasia

Phonology: A Review and Proposals from a Connectionist Perspective

“…Blumstein (1973b) found that this principle applies equally to all types of perisylvian aphasia, and several investigators have noted it in slip-of-the-tongue errors (MacKay, 1970;Stemberger, 1982;van den Broecke & Goldstein, 1980). However, other studies of aphasic subjects (Burns & Canter, 1977;Canter, Trost, & Burns, 1985;MacNeilage, 1982;Nespoulous et al, 1984;Nespoulous, Joanette, Ska, Caplan, & Lecours, 1987;Poncet et al, 1972;Trost & Canter, 1974;Valdois et al, 1988) have shown that distance 2 and 3 errors are relatively more common in conduction than in Broca's aphasia, and Miller and Ellis (1987) made a parallel observation in a patient with jargon aphasia. Furthermore, in slip-of-the-tongue corpora, single, isolated phonemic errors are likely to differ from their target by only one or two distinctive features, but in cases in which phonemic errors are environmentally influenced (see below), this constraint does not seem to apply (Stemberger, 1985).…”

“…There is considerable variability in the phonemes most prone to selection error. However, patients tend to have the least difficulty with frequently used phonemes such as vowels and the consonants /t/, /n/, and /s/, and they tend to have the most difficulty with consonant clusters, fricatives (thin, shoe, and then) and affricates (chin and just), phonemes that occur with the lowest frequency and require more muscles and closer control of movement than any other class (Blumstein, 1973a(Blumstein, , 1973bBurns & Canter, 1977;Canter, Trost, & Burns, 1985;Dubois, Hécaen, Angelergues, Maufras de Chatelier, & Marcie, 1973;Dunlop & Marquardt, 1977;Halpern et al, 1976;Johns & Darley, 1970;Klich, Ireland, & Weidner, 1979;La Pointe & Johns, 1975;Shankweiler & Harris, 1966;Shankweiler, Harris, & Taylor, 1968;Shewan, 1980;Trost & Canter, 1974). A similar phenomenon has been noted in slip-of-the-tongue collections (Ellis, 1980;Levitt & Healy, 1985;Motley & Baars, 1976).…”

“…They are less common in Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech than in conduction aphasia and less common in conduction aphasia than in jargon aphasia (Burns & Canter, 1977;Canter, Trost, & Burns, 1985;La Pointe & Johns, 1975;MacNeilage, 1982;Miller & Ellis, 1987;Nespoulous et al, 1984Nespoulous et al, , 1987Poncet et al, 1972;Shewan, 1980;Trost & Canter, 1974;Valdois et al, 1988), suggesting that as the production of language nears the output phase, the instantiation of phonemes as patterns of activity in articulatory motor representations matures and becomes less susceptible to the effects of perversions of sequence knowledge. In contrast, at earlier stages, at which word and even phrase level effects are prominent and environmentally linked phoneme errors are generated, these errors will tend to reflect the properties of the words and multiphoneme sublexical elements rather than the properties of the phoneme.…”

Temporal Order Processing of Syllables in the Left Parietal Lobe

“…Based on this model, damage to the IPL could lead to phonological errors consistent with conduction aphasia. The diagnosis of conduction aphasia often results from damage to the left IPL and underlying white matter, and is typically characterized by impaired repetition and phonemic paraphasias in the form of phoneme substitution, deletion, and transposition (Monoi et al, 1983;Canter et al, 1985).…”

A Re-Evaluation of the Nature of Speech Errors in Normal and Disordered Speakers

“…Blumstein, 1973;Canter et al, 1985;Miller, 1995]. However, the results of these attempts have been largely equivocal which is hardly surprising given the well-attested limitations of relying solely on auditory-based transcriptions.…”