Contrasting responses of T-2, HT-2 and DON mycotoxins and Fusarium species in oat to climate, weather, tillage and cereal intensity

Kaukoranta, Timo; Hietaniemi, Veli; Rämö, Sari; Koivisto, Tauno; Parikka, Päivi

doi:10.1007/s10658-019-01752-9

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Moderate to high mycotoxin levels in unsorted grain samples were detected for HT2+T2 toxins and EnnB in 2015, and DON in 2018 ( Figure 2). Similar contrasting occurrences of HT2+T2 vs. DON in oats have been reported in other studies [9,29,30]. The mycotoxin levels in samples of unsorted grain of the remaining mycotoxins, i.e., ADON, NIV, EnnA, EnnA1, EnnB1, BEA and ZEA were generally low in samples from both years.…”

Section: Mycotoxin Content In the Oat Grain Lotssupporting

confidence: 87%

Removal of Small Kernels Reduces the Content of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat Grain

Brodal¹,

Aamot²,

Almvik³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Cereal grain contaminated by Fusarium mycotoxins is undesirable in food and feed because of the harmful health effects of the mycotoxins in humans and animals. Reduction of mycotoxin content in grain by cleaning and size sorting has mainly been studied in wheat. We investigated whether the removal of small kernels by size sorting could be a method to reduce the content of mycotoxins in oat grain. Samples from 24 Norwegian mycotoxin-contaminated grain lots (14 from 2015 and 10 from 2018) were sorted by a laboratory sieve (sieve size 2.2 mm) into large and small kernel fractions and, in addition to unsorted grain samples, analyzed with LC-MS-MS for quantification of 10 mycotoxins. By removing the small kernel fraction (on average 15% and 21% of the weight of the samples from the two years, respectively), the mean concentrations of HT-2+T-2 toxins were reduced by 56% (from 745 to 328 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples and by 32% (from 178 to 121 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was reduced by 24% (from 191 to 145 µg/kg) in the 2018 samples, and enniatin B (EnnB) by 44% (from 1059 to 594 µg/kg) in the 2015 samples. Despite low levels, our analyses showed a trend towards reduced content of DON, ADON, NIV, EnnA, EnnA1, EnnB1 and BEA after removing the small kernel fraction in samples from 2015. For several of the mycotoxins, the concentrations were considerably higher in the small kernel fraction compared to unsorted grain. Our results demonstrate that the level of mycotoxins in unprocessed oat grain can be reduced by removing small kernels. We assume that our study is the first report on the effect of size sorting on the content of enniatins (Enns), NIV and BEA in oat grains.

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Section: Mycotoxin Content In the Oat Grain Lotssupporting

confidence: 87%

Removal of Small Kernels Reduces the Content of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat Grain

Brodal¹,

Aamot²,

Almvik³

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…Non-inversion management decreased the occurrence of the toxins forming pathogens F. culmorum and F. graminearum whereas the predominantly saprophytic species F. avenaceum was detected more often (Figures 2A,B and Supplementary Table S2). On barley monoculture, F. graminearum was the main mycotoxin DON producer (Kaukoranta et al, 2019) in grain (harvested and dried) and stubble (collected and analyzed in September) under plowing. The toxins forming pathogen F. culmorum was the test fungus for the fungistasis surface assay (see section "Fungistasis Surface Bioassay").…”

Section: Prevalence Of Soil-borne Fusarium Spp In the Field And Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to infect cereals. However, recently, Kaukoranta et al (2019) concluded from a large survey data of 804 spring-oat fields in Finland that Fusarium spp., especially pathogenic F. culmorum, tended to be more common under plowing than under non-inversion tillage. In line with this, we found that the predominantly saprophytic F. avenaceum was more abundant under noninversion practice, whereas the opposite was true for the pathogenic ones.…”

Section: Soil Fungistasis and Prevalence Of Soil-borne Fusarium Culmomentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage System and Crop Sequence Affect Soil Disease Suppressiveness and Carbon Status in Boreal Climate

et al. 2020

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The soil-borne plant pathogens cause serious yield losses and are difficult to control. In suppressive soils, disease incidence remains low regardless of the presence of the pathogen, the host plant, and favorable environmental conditions. The potential to improve natural soil disease suppressiveness through agricultural management practices would enable sustainable and resilient crop production systems. Our aim was to study the impact of autumn tillage methods and crop sequence on the soil carbon status, fungistasis and yield in boreal climate. The disease suppression was improved by the long-term reduced and no tillage management practices with and without crop rotation. Compared to the conventional plowing, the non-inversion tillage systems were shown to change the vertical distribution of soil carbon fractions and the amount of microbial biomass by concentrating them on the soil surface. Crop sequence and the choice of tillage method had a combined effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The improved general disease suppression had a positive correlation with the labile carbon status and microbial biomass. From the most common Fusarium species, the predominantly saprophytic F. avenaceum was more abundant under noninversion practice, whereas the opposite was true for the pathogenic ones. Our findings furthermore demonstrated the correlation of the soil fungistasis laboratory assay results and the prevalence of the pathogenic test fungus Fusarium culmorum on the crop cereals in the field. Our results indicate that optimized management strategies have potential to improve microbial related soil fungistasis in boreal climate.

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“…Early maturation may partly explain why 'BOR31' was less susceptible in the field than in the greenhouse. Late maturing oats are more likely to face moister autumn weather, which can promote the accumulation of DON toxins especially when they are suitably timed with the right temperature (Hjelkrem et al 2017, Kaukoranta et al 2019. However, again the breeding line 'BOR03' is an outlier in Table 4 and an example of an oat with good mycotoxin resistance combined with late maturity.…”

Section: The Role Of Passive Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the mycotoxin accumulation is also dependent on particular species causing the FHB. Natural infections are often highly dependent on factors such as the weather (Hjelkrem et al 2017), the previous crop (Dill-Macky and Jones 2000) and the tillage (Kaukoranta et al 2019). In wheat, the disease severity can be used as a parameter for selection (Buerstmayr and Lemmens 2015), but this is not seen as a reliable method for oats and therefore more analyses are needed from harvested samples (Tekle et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to Fusarium head blight in oats based on analyses of multiple field and greenhouse studies

et al. 2020

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the mycotoxins produced by its causal agents in oats (Avena sativa L.) have become a growing problem in northern countries over the last decades. The development of resistant cultivars would offer a highly needed and economical solution to the problem. To tackle the high genotype×environment interaction of FHB, a combined analysis was carried out on eight greenhouse and 13 field experiments inoculated with DON-producing Fusarium species. Our data included 406 oat genotypes consisting of Nordic cultivars, breeding lines and potentially resistant gene bank accessions. High variation in the DON accumulation estimates in the material shows that the selection of genotypes with better resistance would be valuable. The greenhouse and field studies resulted in significantly different oat genotype susceptibility rankings for both DON and Fusarium infected kernels. The results obtained from the field experiments have more practical relevance for farmers and breeders for the identification of DON resistant cultivars than greenhouse screenings. Days to maturity and the plant height of the genotypes both significantly affected the Fusarium infections and DON in the field. The relationship between Fusarium infected kernels, DONand germination capacity provide an insight into the composition of genotypes with resistance. The core set of 30 oat genotypes, which were phenotyped in several experiments, provides valuable examples of both highly susceptible and moderately resistant oat genotypes.

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Contrasting responses of T-2, HT-2 and DON mycotoxins and Fusarium species in oat to climate, weather, tillage and cereal intensity

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Removal of Small Kernels Reduces the Content of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat Grain

Removal of Small Kernels Reduces the Content of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Oat Grain

Tillage System and Crop Sequence Affect Soil Disease Suppressiveness and Carbon Status in Boreal Climate

Resistance to Fusarium head blight in oats based on analyses of multiple field and greenhouse studies

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