Contrasting Response of Nutrient Acquisition Traits in Wheat Grown on Bisphenol A-Contaminated Soils

Abstract

Repeated application of organic fertilizer has unintentionally let to the introduction into surface water and soils of many phytotoxic substances that compromise agricultural production and threaten environmental quality. Recent studies using hydroponic systems have reported that bisphenol A (BPA) affects essential mineral elements contents and root absorptive function, thereby impacting nutrient content in plant. However, in soils, plants develop specific traits related to nutrient acquisition strategies. In order to ensure optimized supply of nutrients, understanding the response of these traits under BPA stress is thus essential. Here, we therefore, investigated how leaf nutrient contents (P, Ca, K), root morphology, P-mobilizing exudates and rhizospheric microbiota biomass respond to BPA soil contamination using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as plant model. After 7 weeks, root and leaf traits were not markedly affected by the exposure to BPA at low and high concentrations (0.1 and 1000 mg. kg-1 soil). Significant change on average root diameter and aerial biomass were only observed at the highest dose. BPA contamination had no influence on nutrients acquisition traits and root associated microbiota. Specific root length, carboxylates exudation and P, Ca, K concentrations in leafs were similar irrespective of the treatments. In addition, total microbial biomass, bacteria and fungi abundance measured by phospholipid fatty acid analysis did not differ among controls and contaminated soils. In summary, this experiment suggests a limited influence of BPA contaminated soils on traits involved in nutrient acquisition in wheat.

Interactions between below‐ground traits and rhizosheath fungal and bacterial communities for phosphorus acquisition

“…Soil tightly adhering to the root system after shaking, thereafter described as rhizosheath as in Pang et al (2017), was collected and stored at −20°C for further analysis. Carboxylate-release rate was measured by immersing the entire root system in 0.20 mM CaCl 2 for 1 hr under the same greenhouse conditions as used for plant growth, after rinsing off any remaining soil (Yacoumas et al, 2020). Reversed-phase column liquid chromatography was then used to measure carboxylate concentrations in the extract, offering a good resolution for five carboxylates (citrate, fumarate, maleate, malate and malonate).…”

Soil Microbiome Response to Contamination with Bisphenol A, Bisphenol F and Bisphenol S

“…One of the reasons for the negative response of cellulolytic bacteria can be a disruption of the newly discovered strategy of the functional dependence of beneficiaries on helpers, which generates commensalistic and even mutualistic interactions, that provide an opportunity for tangible activity in this group of microorganisms [88]. Also noteworthy are the results of studies in which a beneficial effect of 100 mg BPA on the biomass of microorganisms in wheat-seeded soil was obtained [89]. Nevertheless, the plant is a deposit of microorganisms with phenol degrading genes located in plasmids.…”

Tradeoffs among phosphorus-acquisition root traits of crop species for agroecological intensification

“…The CaCl 2 volume was adjusted to ensure a complete immersion of the root system. The solution was then sampled and stored at -20°C before measuring carboxylic acid exudation by reversed-phase column liquid chromatography (RPLC) (Cawthray 2003;Yacoumas et al 2020). Briefly, an acid mobile phase (93% 25 mM KH 2 PO 4 at pH 2.5 and 7% methanol) allowed a good resolution of five acids (citric, fumaric, maleic, malic, malonic) on a C18 column with a 15 min elution time and a 1 mL min -1 flow rate.…”