Contrast variation by anomalous X-ray scattering applied to investigation of the interface morphology in a giant magnetoresistance Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer

Feygenson, Mikhail; Kentzinger, Emmanuel; Rücker, Ulrich; Goerigk, G.; Wang, Yingang; Brückel, Thomas

doi:10.1107/s0021889807013076

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this case, the difference in intensities measured near and far from the absorption edge on the low-energy side is determined by the real part of dispersion correction. If atoms with close atomic numbers are present in the material under consideration, the phenomenon of anomalous scattering can be used to enhance contrast at a weak absorption [109,110]. Selective variation of the scattering factor for one type of atoms allows localizing such atoms in the structure according to changes in the intensity of diffraction maxima, and to enhance contrast between atoms with close atomic numbers.…”

Section: Application Of the Anomalous Scattering Effect In Structuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision X-ray diffraction studies of polycrystalline materials on synchrotron radiation

Shmakov

2012

J Struct Chem

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The review is devoted to application of synchrotron radiation (SR) for studying the structure of polycrystalline materials. The main emphasis is made on the equipment and techniques for acquiring high precision structural information -high angular resolution powder diffractometry and the use of anomalous scattering effect in structural studies. Various schemes of recording the high resolution X-ray patterns are presented, diffractometers operating in the world's leading synchrotron radiation centers are described, and examples of particular applications are reported. S134 space, simplicity and reliability of such X-ray radiation source provided its wide use. X-ray tubes with Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and Ag anodes are intensively employed in modern lab-scale diffractometers.The radiation intensity of X-ray tube is limited by the efficiency of heat removal from the anode. At the average anode current of 100 mA and voltage of 100 kV, a 10 kW power is released at the ∼1 mm 2 anode area. In the process, no more than 3% of the power is re-emitted in the X-ray range. Such mode of operation can be provided only by the tubes with a rotating anode, where the released power is distributed over a large surface area of the anode. At the same time, intensity of the radiation source determines numerous parameters of an X-ray diffractometer -the acquisition time of X-ray pattern, angular resolution, sensitivity of X-ray diffraction analysis, accuracy of experimental data, etc. Improvement of the source would open a way to radically new possibilities of X-ray diffraction studies.In the middle of the last century, the development of elementary particle physics resulted in creating the cyclic accelerators and then the storage rings, where charged high-energy particles follow the closed trajectories and collide at a site where beams meet to generate fluxes of particles -products of the interaction. Such experimental scheme provides a double gain in energy as compared to the case when accelerated particles are directed to a stationary heavy target. The particle flux density in counter beams is much lower than density of the target, so the probability of particles collision is also much lower. Nevertheless, the multiple -several million times a second -repetition of beam collisions gives an acceptable statistics for reasonable times. If the colliding particles have equal weights and opposite charges, counter beams can be stored in a single ring chamber, dimensions of the setup being halved at the retained energy of the particles. Cyclic colliders are very productive devices for elementary particle physics; however, a serious problem arose at the early stage of their applicationlosses of particle energy for radiation [4].Motion of a charged particle along a curved trajectory is accompanied by emission of electromagnetic radiation, the so-called magnetodeceleration or synchrotron radiation. Designers of cyclic accelerators tried to minimize the radiation losses, which resulted mainly in an increased size of setups; these losses were c...

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Section: Application Of the Anomalous Scattering Effect In Structuralmentioning

confidence: 99%

High precision X-ray diffraction studies of polycrystalline materials on synchrotron radiation

Shmakov

2012

J Struct Chem

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“…They have demonstrated this method for studying ion distribution muscovite (001) aqueous solution interfaces. Feygenson et al [33] have studied interface morphology of epitaxially grown Fe/Cr/Fe using anomalous X-ray scattering/reflectivity near Cr K-absorption edge. Using contrast variation in resonant X-ray scattering, they have quantitatively extracted structure of samples, including buried layers and top oxide layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Response Near the Soft X-Ray Absorption Edges and Structural Studies of Low Optical Contrast System Using Soft X-Ray Resonant Reflectivity

Nayak

Lodha

2011

Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

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Fine structure features of energy-dependent atomic scattering factor near the atomic absorption edge, are used for structural analysis of low-Z containing thin film structures. The scattering contrast undergoes large and abrupt change as the incident photon energy approaches the natural frequency of the atom and is sensitive to variation in atomic composition and atomic density. Soft X-ray resonant reflectivity is utilized for determination of composition at the buried interfaces with subnanometer sensitivity. This is demonstrated through characterization of Mo/Si multilayers near Si L-edge. We also demonstrate the possibility of probing variation of atomic density in thin films, through the characterization of Fe/B 4 C structure, near B K-edge. Sensitivity of soft X-ray resonant reflectivity to native oxide is demonstrated through characterization of BN films near B K-edge.

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Magnetic Nanowires Investigated by Polarized SANS

Maurer¹,

Zighem²,

Gautrot³

et al. 2013

Physics Procedia

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Contrast variation by anomalous X-ray scattering applied to investigation of the interface morphology in a giant magnetoresistance Fe/Cr/Fe trilayer

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

High precision X-ray diffraction studies of polycrystalline materials on synchrotron radiation

High precision X-ray diffraction studies of polycrystalline materials on synchrotron radiation

Optical Response Near the Soft X-Ray Absorption Edges and Structural Studies of Low Optical Contrast System Using Soft X-Ray Resonant Reflectivity

Magnetic Nanowires Investigated by Polarized SANS

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