Contrast perception as a visual heuristic in the formulation of referential expressions

Long, Madeleine; Moore, Isabelle; Mollica, Francis; Rubio-Fernández, Paula

doi:10.31234/osf.io/z6jbg

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…Language production studies also offer support to the incremental efficiency hypothesis. In polychrome displays where the color of the target is distinctive, participants tend to use redundant color adjectives; whereas in monochrome displays where color is a highly inefficient visual cue, they prefer minimal descriptions (Belke, 2006; Koolen et al, 2013; Long, Moore, Mollica, & Rubio-Fernandez, 2020; Rubio-Fernandez, 2016, 2019). We take the parallel results observed in reference production and comprehension studies as evidence that reference is a collaborative process (Clark & Marshall, 1981; Clark & Schaefer, 1989).…”

Section: The Incremental Efficiency Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Speakers and listeners exploit word order for communicative efficiency: A cross-linguistic investigation.

Rubio-Fernández¹,

Mollica²,

Jara‐Ettinger³

2021

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Pragmatic theories and computational models of reference must account for people's frequent use of redundant color adjectives (e.g., referring to a single triangle as 'the blue triangle'). The standard pragmatic view holds that the informativity of a referential expression depends on pragmatic contrast: color adjectives should be used to contrast competitors of the same kind to preempt an ambiguity (e.g., between two triangles of different colors), otherwise they are redundant. Here we propose an alternative to the standard view, the incremental efficiency hypothesis, according to which the efficiency of a referential expression must be calculated incrementally, over the entire visual context. This is the first theoretical account of referential efficiency that is sensitive to the incrementality of language processing, making different crosslinguistic predictions depending on word order. Experiment 1 confirmed that English speakers produced more redundant color adjectives (e.g., 'the blue triangle') than Spanish speakers (e.g., 'el triángulo azul'), but both language groups used more redundant color adjectives in denser displays where it would be more efficient. In Experiments 2a and 2b, we used eye tracking to show that pragmatic contrast is not a processing constraint. Instead, incrementality and efficiency determine that English listeners establish color contrast across categories (BLUE SHAPES > TRIANGULAR ONE), whereas Spanish listeners establish color contrast within a category (TRIANGLES > BLUE ONE). Spanish listeners, however, reversed their visual search strategy when tested in English immediately after. Our results show that speakers and listeners of different languages exploit word order to increase communicative efficiency.

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Section: The Incremental Efficiency Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Speakers and listeners exploit word order for communicative efficiency: A cross-linguistic investigation.

Rubio-Fernández¹,

Mollica²,

Jara‐Ettinger³

2021

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…References Harmony of colour based on balanced colour combinations [6,7] Colour scheme in an interior and its functional purpose [8,9] Laws of the contrast of colours [10] The interior colour scheme of an art form under the changing light conditions [11,12] Physical and optical laws of colour [13] The colour's ability to create associations, re-shape and alter objects [5,14] Psychological and physiological perception of colour [2,9]…”

Section: Discussion Topics In Colour Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an Approach to Colour Assessment of Works of Art on Aim to Creating a Comfortable and Harmonious Interior

Pylypchuk¹,

Polubok²,

Krivenko³

et al. 2021

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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This study was specially tailored to develop an approach to colour scheme evaluation for works of art within an interior with aim to create a comfortable and harmonious living space. To achieve the study objectives, the following methods were applied: article review; systematic review of key compositional and colour links which exist between the interior and an art object; algorithmic modelling. The study has resulted in developing standards of coordinating the interior with works of art, namely: the principles of coordinating the interior colour scheme and the visual art objects; the principle of impact of lighting on perception of colour combinations present in art-objects and the interior; the principle of impact of specific surface materials on perception of colour in an art-object an interior. Based on these standards of typical colour combinations in compositional scenarios were developed and analysed, also they were applied in designing flow charts and developing an algorithmic system. The algorithm underwent preliminary testing. The obtained results are in favour of its practical application in assessing the colour of art-objects with aim to harmonising the overall colour scheme in an interior.

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“…First, in contrast to the relative nature of size adjectives, color adjectives are considered absolute since their attribution to an object is (relatively) context-independent (Kennedy, 2007;Syrett et al, 2009). Second, color is inherently visually salient and therefore prioritized in production (Sedivy, 2003;van Gompel et al, 2019;Davies & Katsos, 2013;Rubio-Fernandez et al, 2019;Rubio-Fernández, 2016;Brown-Schmidt & Konopka, 2011;Long et al, 2021;Rubio-Fernandez, 2021) due to speaker-internal or listener-oriented processes (Arnold, 2008).…”

Section: Background Empirical Evidence For Overmodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color Overmodification Emerges from Data-Driven Learning and Pragmatic Reasoning

Fang¹,

Sinha²,

Goodman³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Speakers' referential expressions often depart from communicative ideals in ways that help illuminate the nature of pragmatic language use. Patterns of overmodification, in which a speaker uses a modifier that is redundant given their communicative goal, have proven especially informative in this regard. It seems likely that these patterns are shaped by the environment a speaker is exposed to in complex ways. Unfortunately, systematically manipulating these factors during human language acquisition is impossible. In this paper, we propose to address this limitation by adopting neural networks (NN) as learning agents. By systematically varying the environments in which these agents are trained, while keeping the NN architecture constant, we show that overmodification is more likely with environmental features that are infrequent or salient. We show that these findings emerge naturally in the context of a probabilistic model of pragmatic communication.

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Contrast perception as a visual heuristic in the formulation of referential expressions

Cited by 4 publications

References 68 publications

Speakers and listeners exploit word order for communicative efficiency: A cross-linguistic investigation.

Speakers and listeners exploit word order for communicative efficiency: A cross-linguistic investigation.

Developing an Approach to Colour Assessment of Works of Art on Aim to Creating a Comfortable and Harmonious Interior

Color Overmodification Emerges from Data-Driven Learning and Pragmatic Reasoning

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