E-waste or waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) illustrate discarded appliances that utilize electricity for their functioning. Today, the Indian market is engrossed with massive volumes of electrical and electronic goods and gadgets, having tremendously high domestic demand. Consequently, the amount of E-waste being generated in the country is flourishing at an alarming rate, although the management practices and policy initiatives of the same are still in an elementary stage. The current methods of storage, processing, recycling and disposal of E-waste in India have immense potential to harm human health and the environment. Furthermore, the policy level initiatives related to E-waste in India are reasonably recent and inadequate to address the issue. The paper tries to evaluate the current status of E-waste management practices in India. The domination of informal sector in the E-waste recycling business with all its socioeconomic , health and environmental implications are dealt with in detail and the dawdling progress of formal recycling units in the country is assessed upon. The paper tries to identify the range of diverse stakeholders in the E-waste management system in India. These stakeholders are significant right from the production of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) to the final disposal of E-waste. The paper concludes that identifying the range of stakeholders in the E-waste management system and constructing a sustainable E-waste management system involving these stakeholders are the needs of the hour. E-waste management In India, E-waste is becoming an important waste stream in terms of both quantity and toxicity (Wath et al., 2010). Managing the ever increasing volume of E-waste is a major concern for most of the countries today. The first major problem associated with E-waste management is its ever increasing quantum, and second is its scientific and environment friendly disposal, which is very crucial (Wath et al., 2010). In India, domestic E-waste is significant in addition to illegal imports (Sepúlveda et al., 2010). It is argued that due to low market penetration rate in the past, the stock of EEE already put on the market has not been as large as that in OECD countries and the market of most products is far from saturated (Ongondo, Williams and Cherrett, 2011). Due to these developments, countries like India face a fast increasing load of WEEE originating both inland and through illegal imports (Streicher-Porte et al., 2005). According to the MoEF (2008), the electronics industry has emerged as the fastest growing segment of Indian industry both in terms of production and exports. The report further states that the share of software services in electronics and IT sector has gone up from 38.7 per cent in 1998-99 to 61.8 percent in 2003-04. A review of the industry statistics show that in 1990-91, hardware accounted for nearly 50% of total IT revenues while software's share was 22%. The scenario changed by 1994-95, with hardware share falling to 38% and software's share r...
In the last decade, much attention has been devoted in marketing literature to the rapid growth in the megalopolises of Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Chongqing. But lower tier cities in China pose a challenge for most marketers and communicators. Even as we risk the temptation of extrapolating China's breakneck rise and development to all parts, we tend to ignore the cultural diversity in a land that speaks ten dialects and is home to signifi cant minority populations whose identities remain strong outside the big city. From the creative standpoint, taking into account the cultural diversity is extremely valuable.The Real China Revealed study, on which this article is based, was an exploration into the 'other half ' . It is the half that promises huge growth in the near future, as markets in the upper tiers are saturated and get very competitive. In 2006, two of WPP Group plc's agencies, Ogilvy & Mather and Mindshare collaborated to plan, execute, analyze and draw learnings for creative communications from this far-reaching study.Why will the Lower Tier be so Important?Until recently, China's wealth was concentrated in the big cities along the east coast. Fiftyone per cent of the population that resides here, accounts for 64 per cent of the nation's GDP (National Bureau of Statistics , China 2005: 339). But the central leadership's 'Go West' drive has already put the infrastructure in place, on which will ride consumer demand. Already, two-thirds of all retail sales in China come from outside the 24 largest cities (Access Asia Limited 2005).Most marketers have traditionally chosen to target the affl uent consumer. Many of them are currently in the big cities, but not for much longer. The proportion of affl uent households (those earning more than 80,000 yuan per annum) in the top eight cities is expected to decline sharply by 2012, from the current 70 per cent to only 11 per cent, while their number will increase by more than four times in the smaller cities (Asian Demographics Limited 2003).
Macro trends provide many insights for consumer trends because they describe major cultural shifts in consumers’ lifestyles and desires. They are the broad forces of change that create the future context of societies. As consumer trends accelerate and spread, they provide steady inspiration that grounds effective business ideas and tactics. Understanding them and determining their significance allows us to strategically anticipate and adapt to change, and alerts us to the possibilities in our future business environments. A creative business must be able to spot these trends early by understanding consumer wants and needs. It also comes from a belief that an organization may not have all the new ideas. To meet the new challenges, one response is forming strategic partnerships. Many companies are reaching out outside their own organizations in a variety of ways towards meeting these newly emerging challenges. Macro trends track the appearance and progress of emerging global phenomena, such as market motivators and consumer values. Understanding and utilizing macro trends is now seen as a prerequisite for business performance. Understanding them and determining their significance to current business and social challenges help in identifying new opportunities, facilitate strategic anticipation and alert us to the threats in the future business environments.
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